郑伯奇抗战话剧《哈尔滨的暗影》史源考

Exploring the Historical Formation of The Shadow of Harbin by Zheng Boqi

郑伯奇1940年问世的《哈尔滨的暗影》是一个长期没有得到学界关注的重要文本,这部取材于震惊中外的1933年哈尔滨西蒙·卡斯普绑架案的四幕话剧,与章泯的独幕剧《痛打日本鬼》、阳翰笙的电影剧本《日本间谍》、林适存的四幕话剧《日本的间谍》和顾佛影的《二十鞭杂剧》一道,构成了一个以Amleto.Vespa(万斯白)的Secret Agent of Japan(《日本密探》)中译本为史源的“东北”叙事谱系。回溯和重建这一史源生成流变的过程与语境,可见借由该书的翻译、出版、发行和评论,一众左翼知识分子和爱国进步人士在抗战后方形成了一个有关“东北”的知识和思想场域。这不仅为抗战文艺提供了宝贵而鲜活的题材,更是拓展了其世界反法西斯主义的视野。作为同源“东北”叙事谱系中最具“原创性”的文本,《哈尔滨的暗影》挪用和改写万斯白著作的脉络与策略有待深入探讨。

The Shadow of Harbin,published by Zheng Boqi in 1940,is an important text which has,for a long time,received inadequate attention in academic circles.The Shadow of Harbin was a four-act play based on a real event,“the Kidnapping of Simon Casper”in Harbin,which that shocked the world in 1933.This play,together with Zhang Min’s one-act play Beat the Japanese,Yang Hansheng’s screenplay Japanese Spy,Lin Shicun’s four-act play The Spy of Japan,and Gu Foying’s Twenty Whips,constituted a series of northeast narrative,which were influenced,to varying degrees,by the Chinese translation of Amleto Vespa’s Secret Agent of Japan.By exploring the translation,publication and distribution of Secret Agent of Japan,as well as the historical context of the comments on this book,it can be found that the knowledge and narrative about the“northeast”has gradually formed among left-wing intellectuals and patriotic and progressive people,which not only provided the valuable and vivid theme for Anti-Japanese War literature,but also expanded the perspective of world anti-fascism literature.In addition,these Chinese texts’appropriating and rewriting of Secret Agent of Japan simultaneously began to focus on the unique position of northeast China in the Anti-Japanese War.Furthermore,it is worthwhile to further explore the relationship between Zheng Boqi’s The Shadow of Harbin and the Chinese translation of Secret Agent of Japan.