试论日本政治讽喻及其认知语用动因--从动物讽喻谈起

A Study on Japanese Political Allegory and Its Cognitive-pragmatic Motivation:From the Relevance of Animal Allegory

讽喻介于反讽和比喻之间,兼具二者的功能于一身,即通过喻体的特征委婉地讽刺本体的某个问题。讽喻的语用功能符合政体主政议政、驳斥谬误之需,因此成为政治话语必不可少的修辞手法。日本政治讽喻多以“动物”为喻体,运用动物的某种特性“旁指曲谕”“旁敲侧击”“激浊扬清”“针砭时弊”。本文以动物为中心,从现代日语书面语均衡语料库以及日本国会议事录抽取政治讽喻例句进行内容分析、描写性话语和认知语用分析。分析结果显示,日本政治讽喻存在两个认知动因,分别是中国文化观念的影响和礼貌原则的内在驱动。

The allegory is between irony and metaphor,and has both functions,that is,to euphemistically satirize a problem of the ontology by the characteristics of metaphor.The pragmatic function of allegory is in line with the needs of the government to host and discuss politics as well as refute fallacies.Therefore,it has become an indispensable rhetorical device in political discourse.Most Japanese political allegories take“animals”as metaphors,and use certain characteristics of animals to“sidewise and politely inspires others”,“beat around the bush”,“eliminate vice and exalt virtue”,and“points out and criticize the current problems”.This paper focuses on animals,extracting political and satirical examples from the BCCWJ-NT and the Diet of Japan for content analysis,descriptive discourse analysis,and cognitive pragmatic analysis.The analysis results show that there are two cognitive motivations exist in Japanese political allegory.Namely the influence of Chinese cultural concepts and the internal drive of politeness principle.