鱼鸟河下游黑臭水体的治理对策

Countermeasures for Black and Smelly Water Bodies in the Lower Reaches of Yuniao River

采用历史文献调查和现场采样检测的方法,对鱼鸟河下游黑臭水体动态与治理对策进行研究。结果发现,长期以来鱼鸟河水体呈现黑臭、经治理好转、又变黑臭、经治理好转、又变黑臭的反复变化过程。黑臭水体不仅导致河流缺少生物踪迹,还散发出恶臭气味,使附近居民不敢开窗。黑臭水体得不到根治的原因是乱排污水、河流自净能力低、治理措施治标不治本。为根治鱼鸟河下游黑臭水体,提出以下措施:实行清洁生产,建立企业间废料利用链,减少工业污染物产生量;经过沼气生产环节的无害化处理,实现人、畜、禽粪便还田,减少有机物排放量和化肥使用量;去河坝、护岸,以增大流速和增加河流干涸时段,提高河流自净能力;提高流域植被覆盖率和增加曲流河道,促进地表水转化为地下水,提供更多的优质水资源。

The dynamics of the black and smelly water bodies in the lower reaches of the Yuniao River and countermeasures were studied by the means of historical literature investigation and field sampling.The result showed that for a long time,the water bodies of Yuniao River presented a continuous process of black and smelly,improved and turned black and smelly again after treatment.The black and smelly water not only leaves the river devoid of life,but also gives off a stench that makes nearby residents afraid to open their windows.The reason why the black and smelly water can’t be cured was that the sewage was discharged in disorder,low self-purification capacity of rivers,treatment measures treated a symptom not a root cause.This paper proposed the following measures:establish inter-enterprise waste utilization chain,so as to reduce the production of industrial pollutants;after the harmless treatment of biogas production,the manure of human,livestock and poultry can be returned to the field to reduce the emission of organic matter and the use of chemical fertilizer;remove dam,revetment in order to increase the flow rate and increase the river dry period and improve the river self-purification capacity;the vegetation coverage of the basin should be improved and meander channels should be increased to promote the conversion of surface water into groundwater and provide better and more water resources.