常见地下水水质评价方法在日照市傅疃河下游地区的应用

Application of Common Groundwater Quality Evaluation Methods in the Lower Reaches of Futuan River in Rizhao City

以日照市傅疃河下游地区多年地下水监测水质资料为基础,选取了17个监测点的溶解性总固体、总硬度、硝酸根、亚硝酸根等共17个指标作为水质评价因子,在评价过程中分别采用单因子评价法、传统及改进的内梅罗指数法、模糊数学法和改进的模糊数学法进行水质评价,并对这几种方法的计算过程、计算结果进行了对比。结果表明:这几种常用的评价方法均适用于地下水水质评价,但各有优劣。单因子评价法计算过程最为简单,根据评价结果可确定对水质影响较大的污染物,可分析出水环境质量的大体情况。内梅罗指数法考虑了污染最严重的因子和均值,改进的内梅罗指数法适用于了解水质的整个污染情况。模糊数学法通过权重和隶属度计算进行水质评价,体现了其非线性关系。改进的模糊数学法计算过程最为复杂,根据其评价结果可确定水质指数。结合研究区污染情况,可确定模糊数学法评价结果更贴合实际情况。

Based on the monitoring data of groundwater quality in the lower reaches of Futuan River in Rizhao City for many years,a total of 17 indices including total dissolved solids,total hardness,nitrate and nitrite were selected as water quality evaluation factors.In the evaluation process,single factor evaluation method,traditional and improved Nemerow index method,fuzzy mathematics method and improved fuzzy mathematics method were used for water quality evaluation respectively.The calculation process and calculation results of several methods were compared.The research results showed that several commonly used evaluation methods were suitable for groundwater quality evaluation,but each method had its advantages and disadvantages.The calculation process of single factor evaluation method was the simplest.Its evaluation results could identify pollutants that had great impacts on water quality and analyze the general situation of effluent environmental quality.Nemerow index method took into account the most serious pollution factors and the average value,and the improved Nemerow index method was suitable for understanding the whole pollution situation of water quality.Through fuzzy mathematics method,water quality evaluation was made by calculating weight and membership degree,which reflected its non-linear relationship.The calculation process of the improved fuzzy mathematics method was the most complicated,and its evaluation result could determine the water quality index.According to the pollution situation in the study area,the fuzzy mathematics evaluation results were more consistent with the actual situation.