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新中国成立初期川西行署赔罚运动研究

A Study on the Compensation and Penalty Movement Implemented by the People s Administrative Office of Western Sichuan in the Early New China
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摘要 土地改革是要实现乡村财富在地主和农民之间的阶层转移,而为了清理减租退押之后地主的余财,筹集乡村社会无租无押贫雇农所需的果实,中国共产党在川西地区普遍开展赔罚运动。赔罚包括赔偿和判罚两部分,即历史上地主给农民造成的损失需要赔偿,地主对农民所犯罪行要给予判罚,赔罚贯穿退押和土改的全过程。新政权为了防止赔罚演变为老区土改中无序的“挖浮财”行为,制定了一系列法令作为赔罚依据,然而在政策实践中,基层政权基于满足贫雇农要求的出发点,扩大赔罚理由和数额,使赔罚运动成为分配土地前地主和农民历史积怨的总清理。在此过程中,诉苦、谈判、反霸等政治手段的运用,使赔罚演变成为一场全方位的反封建运动,新政权借此实现了政治上、经济上、名誉上打垮地主阶级,树立农民优势地位,颠覆乡村权势结构的目的,分配土地正是在此基础上得以开展的。 The aim of the land reform is to complete the transfer of the rural wealth from the landowners to the peasants.In order to clear the remaining wealth of the landlords after the rent concession and deposit return and to raise the fruits needed by the rent-free and deposit-free poor peasants and farm laborers,the Communist Party of China carried out an extensive compensation and penalty movement in Western Sichuan.The effective policies throughout the process of deposit return and land reform included compensating for the loss of the peasants caused by the landlords and punishing the landlords for what they had done to the peasants.To prevent the movement from being misunderstood as the disordered“sharing movable property of landlords and rich peasants with poor peasants”during the land reform period in the old liberated areas,the government adopted a series of decrees to guide the compensation and penalty activities.However,in carrying out those decrees,local governments were inclined to meet the requirements of the poor peasants,and increased the amount of compensation and penalty,turning the movement into a ventilation of the historical grievances between the landowners and the peasants.In this process,the application of the political means,such as the bitterness complaint and negotiation,led the movement to an all-round anti-feudal campaign.The new regime realized its purpose of crushing the landlord class and setting up the dominant position of the peasants.By subverting the power structure in the countryside,the movement paved the way for the land reform that followed.
作者 张杨 Zhang Yang
出处 《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2021年第5期79-92,共14页 Journal of Sichuan University:Philosophy and Social Science Edition
基金 2016年国家社会科学基金一般项目“成都平原土地占有情况研究(1900—1956)”(16BZS121)。
关键词 川西行署 赔罚运动 土地改革 减租退押 the People s Administrative Office of Western Sichuan Province the compensation and penalty movement the land reform rent concession and deposit return
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