六朝赠答诗考述——以建康诗为中心

On the Presenting Poetry in the Six Dynasties:An Examination Centered on Jiankang Poetry

赠答诗是六朝重要的诗歌类型之一,建康作为六朝都城是诗歌创作最多的地区,亦是六朝赠答诗最多之地。东晋时建康赠答诗的数量约占建康诗总数的六成且多为四言,南朝时五言诗成为主要诗歌类型,赠答诗亦绝大多数为五言,此际随着诗歌门类的丰富,原先较多由赠答诗承担的送别、唱和等题材,逐渐发展成为独立而重要的诗歌门类,因此赠答诗比重大大降低,南朝赠答诗的数量占建康诗总数的近三成,这是文学繁荣条件下赠答诗的正常比重。对建康赠答诗的全面考索,可以厘清南朝赠答诗的特点及发展脉络,这亦是理解南朝诗史及其发展规律的重要环节,并为建康及南朝文学地理的探究提供了基础。

Presenting poetry was one of the significant literary genres in the Six Dynasties.As the capital,Jiankang was where most of the poems,especially most of the presenting poems,were created in the Six Dynasties.During the Eastern Jin period,presenting poems accounted for sixty percent of all Jiankang poems,and most were four-character poems.In the Southern Dynasties,the dominant poem genre was five-character poems,and so were presenting poems.During this period,with the prosperity of poem genres,subjects like farewell and response conveyed by presenting poems previously developed into independent and significant poem genres.Thus,the proportion of presenting poems decreased substantially,and the number of presenting poems in the Southern Dynasties was nearly one third of that of all Jiankang poems,which is a common phenomenon in the era with a flourishing literature.Accordingly,an overall examination of Jiankang presenting poetry can help us define the characteristics and development tendency of the presenting poetry in the Southern Dynasties.Besides,it is also important for us to understand the poetical history and its trend in this era,which will provide a basis for the research on the literary geography in Jiankang and the Southern Dynasties.