职业应激对野外气田作业人员抑郁症状的影响

Effect of occupational stress on depression in gas field workers

目的探讨野外气田作业人员抑郁症状发生水平及其影响因素。方法于2018年10月,采取整群抽样法对1726名某采气油田野外气田作业人员进行横断面调查,采用问卷对调查对象的个体特征、抑郁症状、职业应激因素、应激调节因素等进行评价,分析调查对象抑郁症状和职业应激因素的相关性,并采用多因素logistic回归分析抑郁症状的影响因素。结果调查对象抑郁症状评分为12(7.00,19.00)分。相关分析表明,抑郁症状评分与睡眠障碍(r=0.598)、付出(r=0.186)、每日紧张感(r=0.478)、负性情感(r=0.565)、社会支持(r=0.446)和工作单调性(r=0.484)呈正相关(P<0.01),与回报(r=-0.386)、工作稳定性(r=-0.294)、提升机会(r=-0.258)、正性情感(r=-0.310)、自我效能(r=-0.312)、控制策略(r=-0.268)、支持策略(r=-0.209)和工作满意感(r=-0.398)呈负相关(P<0.01)。logistic回归分析表明,睡眠障碍、高负性情感、低同事支持、低家庭支持、高工作单调和高每日紧张感是野外气田作业人员抑郁症状的危险因素(OR=3.423,95%CI:2.644~4.397;OR=2.847,95%CI:2.200~3.683;OR=1.646,95%CI:1.215~2.116;OR=1.496,95%CI:1.164~1.923;OR=1.578,95%CI:1.227~2.303;OR=1.903,95%CI:1.480~2.440;P<0.01);工作稳定性好、高自我效能和高工作满意感是野外气田作业人员抑郁症状保护因素(OR=0.752,95%CI:0.591~0.958;OR=0.590,95%CI:0.465~0.749;OR=0.718,95%CI:0.516~0.999;P<0.05)。结论职业应激因素对野外气田作业人员的抑郁症状发生有较大影响,提升工作稳定性、自我效能和工作满意感可预防其抑郁症状发生。

Objective To explore the occurrence level of depressive symptoms and it's influencing factors among gas field workers.Methods In October 2018,a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1726 gas field workers from a gas field by using cluster sampling method.Questionaire was used to evaluate the individual factors,depressive symptoms,occupational stress factors and stress regulatory factors.The correlation between depressive symptoms and occupational stress was analyzed.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of depressive symptoms.Results The depressive symptoms score of gas field workers was 12.00(7.00,19.00)point.Correlation analysis revealed that depressive symptoms score was positively related to sleep disorders(r=0.598),effort(r=0.186),daily tension(r=0.478),negative affectivity(r=0.565),social support(r=0.446)and monotony of work(r=0.484)(P<0.01).And it was negatively related to reward(r=-0.386),work stability(r=-0.294),promotion opportunities(r=-0.258),positive affectivity(r=-0.310),self-efficacy(r=-0.312),contral strategy(r=-0.268),support strategy(r=-0.209)and job satisfaction(r=-0.398)(P<0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sleep disorder,high negative affectivity,low support from colleagues,low support from family,high monotony of work and high daily tension were the risk factors for depressive symptoms of gas field worker(OR=3.423,95%CI:2.644-4.397;OR=2.847,95%CI:2.200-3.683;OR=1.646,95%CI:1.215-2.116;OR=1.496,95%CI:1.164-1.923;OR=1.578,95%CI:1.227-2.303;OR=1.903,95%CI:1.480-2.440;P<0.01).High work stability,high self-efficacy and high job satisfaction were protective factors for depressive symptoms of gas field workers(OR=0.752,95%CI:0.591-0.958;OR=0.590,95%CI:0.465-0.749;OR=0.718,95%CI:0.516-0.999;P<0.05).Conclusion Occupational stress factors have a great influence on the depressive symptoms of gas field workers.Increased work stability,self-efficacy and job satisfaction could reduce the risk of depressive symptoms.