老年科护理员工作场所暴力后的心理健康状况及影响因素

Mental health status and its influencing factors of nurses in geriatric department after workplace violence

目的调查老年科护理员工作场所暴力后的心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法于2019年2月至2020年1月,收集绍兴市3家医院同时期遭受工作场所暴力的老年科护理员102人为观察组,以未遭受工作场所暴力的老年科护理员100人为对照组,调查护理员的一般资料,用《医院工作场所暴力情况问卷》调查工作场所暴力情况,用《症状自评量表》(SCL-90)调查精神障碍和心理疾病情况,用《创伤后应激障碍症状清单》(PCL-C)调查创伤后应激障碍症状情况,用《心理弹性量表》调查心理弹性情况,用《社会支持量表》(SSRS)调查社会支持情况。采用t检验、Pearson相关性分析,多元线性回归进行统计学分析。结果发生工作场所暴力的护理员《症状自评量表》(SCL-90)的总均分为(1.49±0.48)分,与对照组比较,观察组SCL-90总均分、躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑和恐惧因子分明显增加(P<0.05)。观察组《创伤后应激障碍症状清单》(PCL-C)总分(34.51±9.87)分,与对照组比较,观察组PCL-C总均分、再体验、回避、警觉因子分明显增加(P<0.05)。发生工作场所暴力护理员SCL-90总均分与心理弹性、社会支持呈正相关(均P<0.05),多元线性分析显示,心理弹性、坚韧与控制、乐观、社会支持、主观支持是影响护理员心理健康的主要因素。结论遭受工作场所暴力的老年科护理员易出现心理健康问题和创伤后应激障碍,应提高其心理弹性和社会支持加以改善。

Objective To investigate the mental health status and influencing factors of geriatric nurses after workplace violence.Methods From February 2019 to January 2020,102 geriatric nurses who suffered workplace violence in three hospitals in Shaoxing were collected as the observation group and 100 geriatric nurses who did not suffer workplace violence in the same period as the control group.The general data of nurses in the two groups were investigated,the workplace violence was investigated with the hospital workplace violence questionnaire,the mental disorders and mental diseases were investigated with the symptom checklist 90(SCL-90),the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder were investigated with the symptom checklist of post-traumatic stress disorder(pcl-c),and the psychological elasticity was investigated with the psychological elasticity scale,Social support was investigated with social support scale(SSRs).Results The total average score of symptom checklist 90(SCL-90)of nurses with workplace violence was(1.49±0.48).Compared with the control group,the total average score of SCL-90,somatization,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,depression,anxiety and fear factors in the observation group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The total score of post-traumatic stress disorder symptom list(pcl-c)in the observation group was(34.51±9.87).Compared with the control group,the total average score of pcl-c,re experience,avoidance and vigilance factors in the observation group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The total average score of SCL-90 of nurses with workplace violence was positively correlated with psychological elasticity and social support(P<0.05).Multivariate linear analysis showed that psychological elasticity,tenacity and control,optimism,social support and subjective support were the main factors affecting nurses'mental health.Conclusion Geriatric nurses suffering from workplace violence are prone to mental health problems and post-traumatic stress disorder,which should be improved by improving their psychological elasticity and social support.