对抗性差异与政治认同--墨菲政治哲学思想及其反思

Antagonistic Differences and Political Identity

墨菲从政治的对抗性及建构集体认同的内在要求出发,在批判自由主义和后现代多元主义的基础上,提出一种包容差异的新型政治联合形式,即抗争性多元主义,以实现多元基础上的部分统一,重构政治认同。这种民主政治构想将政治以抗争性、认同以差异性为理论前提,把建构多元化集体认同和冲突性共识作为目标,以抗争模式来表现冲突,力图维系自由逻辑与民主逻辑之间的张力。墨菲关于政治对抗性、同一性与多元主义关系的理解,对于我们正确分析当代政治冲突具有理论借鉴价值,而其多元对抗的民主政治模式所存在的问题也需要审慎反思。

Starting from antagonism in politics and the internal requirements for constructing a collective identity,and based on the critique of liberalism and postmodern pluralism,Chantal Mouffe proposes a new form of political union inclusive of differences,i.e.agonistic pluralism,in order to achieve partial unity on the basis of pluralism and reconstruct political identity.This conception of democratic politics is premised upon antagonism in politics and differences in identity,targets at constructing a pluralist collective identity and a conflictual consensus,describes conflicts in the form of agonism,and tries to maintain a tension between the logic of freedom and the logic of democracy.Chantal Mouffe’s discussions of the relations among political antagonism,identity and pluralism are of theoretical significance for us to correctly analyze contemporary political conflicts.But we also need carefully reflect upon the problems inherent in this agonistic pluralism model of democratic politics.