陕西省杨凌区蔬菜基地土壤中抗生素污染评价

Evaluation of Antibiotic Pollution in Soil of Vegetable Base in Yangling District,Shaanxi Province

为了评估陕西省杨凌区蔬菜基地土壤中抗生素的污染状况,对20个基地的土壤样品中喹诺酮类、四环素类、磺胺类和大环内酯类4大类19种抗生素的含量进行了检测分析。结果表明,研究区域蔬菜基地土壤中喹诺酮类、磺胺类、四环素类3类抗生素均为100%检出,大环内酯类抗生素的检出率为62%。4类抗生素平均含量由高到低依次为喹诺酮类(51.76μg/kg)>四环素类(12.77μg/kg)>磺胺类(1.14μg/kg)>大环内酯类(0.28μg/kg),分别以诺氟沙星、土霉素、磺胺二甲基嘧啶和红霉素为主。根据兽药国际协调委员会(VICH)筹划指导委员会提出的土壤中抗生素生态毒害效应的触发值(100μg/kg),研究区域土壤中4大类抗生素的含量均小于该触发值,生态风险较小。与国内其他地区的研究报道相比,杨凌区蔬菜基地土壤中的抗生素污染程度也处于相对较低水平。

In order to evaluate pollution status of antibiotics in soil of vegetable bases in Yangling District,contents of 19 antibiotics in 4 categories of quinolones,tetracyclines,sulfonamides and macrolides in soil samples from 20 bases were detected and analyzed. Results showed that,quinolones,sulfonamides and tetracyclines were all detected in 100% of soil samples,and detection rate of macrolides was 62%. The average contents of four antibiotics from high to low were quinolones( 51. 76 μg/kg)> tetracyclines( 12. 77 μg/kg) > sulfonamides( 1. 14 μg/kg) > macrolides( 0. 28 μg/kg),and norfloxacin,oxytetracycline,sulfamethazine and erythromycin were the main contents,respectively. According to trigger value of ecological toxic effect of antibiotics in soil( 100 μg/kg) proposed by the Steering Committee of the International Coordinating Committee for Veterinary Medicine( VICH),contents of four classes of antibiotics in soil of study area were all lower than trigger value,indicating a small ecological risk. Compared with other domestic research reports,vegetable bases in this study area were also at a relatively low level of antibiotic pollution.