深海氨氧化古菌的环境适应基础及生态功能

Environmental adaptation basis and ecological function of deep-sea ammonia-oxidation archaea

氨氧化古菌是地球上丰度最高的微生物类群之一,驱动氮循环。尤其在深海,其相对丰度可达原核生物的20%-40%。然而,纯培养的缺乏严重阻碍了我们全面认知深海氨氧化古菌的生理特性和生态贡献。本文系统性地分析了深海环境特征与微生物适应性之间的关系,聚焦深海氨氧化古菌的潜在生存策略和代谢偏好。这些信息将有助于我们设计适用于深海氨氧化古菌的培养技术。此外,从系统发育和生理特性来看,深海氨氧化古菌与土壤或表层海洋来源的氨氧化古菌有显著区别,提示我们需要根据其特性重新估算全球海洋氮通量。

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea is one of the most abundant microbial groups driving the nitrogen cycling on Earth.Especially,in the deep sea,its relative abundance can reach 20%-40%of the total prokaryotes.However,the lack of deep-sea ammonia-oxidizing archaea isolates hindered our comprehensive understanding of their physiology and ecological contribution.In this paper,we analyzed the relationship between characteristics of deep-sea environments and the adaptability of microorganisms,focusing on the potential survival strategies and metabolic preferences of deep-sea ammonia-oxidizing archaea.This knowledge will assist us to design suitable cultivation techniques on them.Moreover,the ammonia-oxidizing archaea habituated in the deep sea apparently distanced from those in soil or surface ocean,in terms of phylogeny as well as physiology.Therefore,we are about to reconsider the global oceanic nitrogen budget estimation.