现代个人破产法的基础、价值与选择

The Foundation, Value and System Choice of the Modern Personal Bankruptcy Law

宏观经济增长目标导向下的信贷扩张与微观行为经济学视角下消费信贷决策的有效理性,是现代社会个人过度负债、信用违约的根源。崇尚拯救文化的现代个人破产法旨在挽救"诚实但不幸"的债务人,有关"诚实""不幸"的涵义及边界,一般由现代个人破产法通过适用要件、免责范围等具体规则予以限定。在全球化复杂相互依赖的背景下,现代个人破产法的制度构建应从三个维度入手:一是本着教育预防、缓解债务与更生复兴的价值目标,发挥正式破产程序与非破产程序的协同功效;二是基于债务人重生理念下的特殊债务人利益之考量,设置多元化重整程序;三是基于不同破产政策之选择,规定宽严相济的免责制度,并遵循利益平衡原则予以适用。

The credit expansion under the direction of microeconomic growth and the effective rationality of consumer credit decision-making from the perspective of micro behavioral economics, are the roots of personal excess debt and credit default in modern society. The modern personal bankruptcy law, which advocates the culture of rescue, aims to protect “honest but unfortunate” debtors. The meaning and boundaries of “honesty” and “unfortunate” are generally limited by modern personal bankruptcy laws through the application of rules and the scope of exemptions. In the context of complex global interdependence, the legal system of modern personal bankruptcy should be constructed from the following three aspects: first, in accordance with the value goals of education prevention, debt relief and rehabilitation, play the synergistic effect of formal bankruptcy procedures and non-bankruptcy procedures;second, based on the consideration of the interests of special debtors under the concept of rebirth of debtors, set up a variety of reorganization procedures;third, based on the choice of different bankruptcy policies, stipulate an exemption system of leniency and strictness, and apply the principle of balance of interests.