人工智能创新投入能提升企业员工的收入吗?——基于技能结构错配视角的研究

Can AI Innovation Investment Increase the Income of Enterprise Employees?--Based on Perspective of Skill Structure Mismatch

人工智能创新投入是否会影响以及怎样影响员工收入已成为国家推动人工智能创新发展战略下实现更高质量就业、实现共同富裕的重要现实问题。基于2013—2018年87家人工智能上市企业的面板数据,对人工智能创新投入怎样影响员工收入这一问题进行实证研究。研究发现:(1)人工智能创新投入对员工收入的影响效应呈现“U”型,当创新投入位于“U”型曲线左侧拐点时,人工智能创新投入会引发技能结构错配从而对员工收入产生抑制效应;当创新投入位于“U”型曲线右侧拐点时,人工智能创新投入会加速技能结构适配,对员工收入产生促进效应。(2)人工智能创新投入会通过开发产品价值、提高员工技能适配度影响员工收入。(3)人工智能创新投入对员工收入的影响在不同行业类型、不同治理水平以及不同企业类型呈现出差异性结果。因此,企业要完善支持长期创新投入的激励机制,提升员工技能结构与人工智能技术创新的动态适配度,使员工分享到提升知识技能的工资溢价增长,为人力资本的可持续投入奠定物质基础。

Whether and how AI innovation investment can impact the income of employees has become an important and realistic issue for our nation to promote the strategy of AI innovation development for the realization of higher quality employment and laborer's sense of fulfillment.Based on the panel data of 87 AI listed companies during the years from 2013 to 2018,this paper makes an empirical study on how AI innovation investment affects the income of employees.The research has found the following:(1)It presents a“U”shaped effect that AI innovation investment impacts the income of employees.When innovation investment is located at the left inflection point of the“U”shaped curve,AI innovation investment will lead to skill structure mismatch,which will have an inhibitory effect on the income of employees.When innovation investment is located at the right inflection point of the“U”shaped curve,AI innovation investment will accelerate the adaptation of skill structure and has a promotion effect in employees'income.(2)AI innovation investment will affect employees'income by developing the product value and improving employee skill adaptation to impact employees'income.(3)The impact of AI innovation investment on employees'income presents different results in different industry types,different governance levels and different enterprise types.Therefore,enterprises should improve the incentive mechanism to support the long-term innovation investment,improve the dynamic matching between employee skill structure and AI technological innovation,enable employees to share the wage premium growth of improving knowledge and skills,and lay a material foundation for sustainable investment of human capital.