菠萝叶纤维的超声波辅助化学脱胶工艺

Ultrasonic-assisted chemical degumming process for making pineapple leaf fiber

为实现菠萝叶纤维的高效脱胶,将超声波清洗技术与化学脱胶技术相结合,采用响应面法对超声波频率、超声波处理时间、超声波处理温度3个因素进行优化,并借助扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪、热分析仪等表征脱胶过程中纤维结构与性能的变化规律。结果表明:菠萝叶纤维超声波辅助化学脱胶的最佳工艺条件为超声波频率53 kHz、超声波处理时间35 min、超声波处理温度53℃,在此优化条件下得到的纤维残胶率为13.8%,断裂强度为4.2 cN/dtex,与理论值基本吻合,可满足纺纱要求;各因素对纤维残胶率和断裂强度的影响顺序由大到小为超声波频率、超声波处理时间、超声波处理温度;超声波处理对半纤维素和木质素的去除有促进作用,对纤维素分子链损伤小,对热性能影响也较小。

In order to degumming pineapple leaves efficiently,ultrasonic cleaning technology and chemical degumming technology were used in conjuction,and the factors of ultrasonic frequency,ultrasonic treatment time and ultrasonic treatment temperature were optimized by the response surface methodology.The structure and properties of fiber were characterized by scanning electron microscope,fourier infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis during the degumming process.The results show that the optimal process conditions for the ultrasonic-assisted chemical degumming of pineapple leaf fibers are as follows:ultrasonic frequency of 53 kHz,ultrasonic treatment time of 35 min,and ultrasonic treatment temperature of 53℃.Under the optimized conditions,the fiber residual gum rate was 13.8%,and the fiber breaking strength was 4.2 cN/dtex,which is basically consistent with the theoretical value,meeting the spinning requirements.The order of the influence of each factor on the residual gum rate and breaking strength of the fiber is:ultrasonic frequency,ultrasonic treatment time,and ultrasonic treatment temperature.The ultrasonic treatment helps the removal of hemicellulose and ligninon,has little damage to the cellulose molecular chain,and has little effect on thermal performance.