卧龙国家级自然保护区绿尾虹雉种群分布和生境质量评价

Population Survey and Habitat Quality Assessment of Lophophorus lhuysii in the Wolong National Nature Reserve

绿尾虹雉Lophophorus lhuysii是中国特有的高山雉类,国家一级重点保护野生动物,具有极高的保护价值。卧龙国家级自然保护区是绿尾虹雉的重要分布区,但长期以来都缺乏针对性分布调查和生境研究。2019—2021年使用红外相机技术对保护区的绿尾虹雉种群进行了广泛调查,采用物种分布模型评价了其生境质量。结果显示:1)109个红外相机位点中共有66个拍摄到绿尾虹雉,其中银厂沟和足木沟等区域的种群相对多度较高;2)基于47个物种出现点和28个环境变量所构建的MaxEnt生境评价模型显示,保护区内绿尾虹雉的适宜生境总面积765.07 km^(2),占保护区总面积的38.25%,其中,高质量和低质量生境面积分别为202.22 km^(2)和562.85 km^(2),并且主要位于核心区;3)气候、植被、地形和人为干扰共同影响绿尾虹雉的生境质量,降水季节性适中、最干季均温和年均温较低、远离河流和公路的灌丛和草甸是绿尾虹雉的最适宜生境。总体而言,保护区的绿尾虹雉生境面积大、质量高且连通性较好,为绿尾虹雉种群资源提供了良好的生存环境。

Chinese monal(Lophophorus lhuysii)is an alpine Galliformes species endemic to China,and also a first-class nationally key protected species in China with high global conservation concern.Wolong National Nature Reserve is one of the most important distribution regions for L.lhuysii,however,less study has been conducted to survey the population and habitat of L.lhuysii in the reserve.During 2019 to 2021,infrared cameras were used to survey L.lhuysii population in an extensive region across the reserve,and the habitat quality was assessed using a species distribution model.The results showed that 1)of the 109 camera sites set in alpine and subalpine regions,L.lhuysii were photographed in 66 sites.This indicated that L.lhuysii was widely distributed in high-elevation areas,especially in Yinchanggou and Zumugou;2)habitat model built by MaxEnt using 47 occurrence points and 28 environmental variables predicted a total area of 765.07 km^(2),accounting for 38.25%of the reserve.Both the high-quality and low-quality habitats were mainly distributed in the core zone with the area of 202.22 km^(2) and 562.85 km^(2),respectively;3)the quality of habitat was influenced by climate,vegetation,topographic and human disturbance factors collectively.The highest quality habitat was located in shrub and meadow regions with moderate precipitation seasonally,lower mean temperature in the driest season,lower annual mean temperature,and longer distance from rivers and roads.Overall,the habitat of L.lhuysii in the Wolong National Nature Reserve is large-area with high-quality and well connected,and thus provides good survival environment for L.lhuysii.