超高性能水泥基复合材料的多尺度设计与抗爆炸性能研究进展

Research Progress on Multi-scale Design and Blast-resistant Properties of Ultra-high Performance Cementitious Composites

超高性能水泥基复合材料(Ultra-high performance cementitious composites,UHPCC)是一种具有超高强度、超高韧性、超高耐久性和良好体积稳定性的新型水泥基复合材料。超高性能水泥基复合材料因其优异的力学性能和耐久性能,在超高层建筑、桥梁、隧道、海上平台、核反应堆安全壳及军事防护工程等领域中具有广阔的应用前景。近年来,国内外意外爆炸事故和恐怖爆炸袭击事件时有发生,许多建筑和防护工程面临着爆炸等强动载的冲击作用,而现有的大多数建筑结构无法抵御爆炸载荷的冲击,将建筑结构爆炸风险降低到可接受水平迫在眉睫。目前存在的防护工程材料大多为普通强度(C30~C50)等级的混凝土或普通纤维增强混凝土,抗爆能力普遍较弱,研究强度等级高、抗爆炸性能好的超高性能水泥基复合材料逐渐成为防护工程材料研究的热点。本文通过对爆炸现象的基本特点及对建筑物破坏形式的分析,结合对水泥基复合材料抗爆炸原理的研究,从纤维混凝土、珍珠层混凝土、梯度混凝土等细微观结构设计,以及泄爆结构、性能目标等宏观结构设计两个角度,重点综述了抗爆炸高性能水泥基复合材料的细-微-宏观多尺度结构设计及其性能优化研究进展,对爆炸作用下超高性能水泥基复合材料的结构损伤破坏机理研究进展以及应用现状进行了阐述。最后,进一步探讨了抗爆炸超高性能水泥基复合材料研究中存在的问题,并展望了相关研究与发展趋势。

UHPCC are a new type of cementitious composite materials with ultra-high strength,toughness and durability as well as good volume stability.UHPCC have broad prospects for applications in the fields of ultra-high buildings,bridges,tunnels,offshore platforms,nuclear reactor containment and military protection engineering due to their excellent mechanical properties and durability.In recent years,accidental explosion accidents and terrorist explosion attacks have occurred frequently at home and abroad.Many buildings and protection engineering are facing the impact of strong dynamic loads such as explosions.However,most existing building structures cannot withstand the impact of blast loads completely,and it is extremely urgent to reduce the blast risk of building structures to an acceptable level.At present,most of the protective engineering materials are ordinary strength(C30—C50)grade concrete or ordinary fibre reinforced concrete,and the anti-blast ability is generally weak.Therefore,research on the UHPCC with high strength levels and good blast-resistant properties has gradually become a hot spot in protective engineering materials.Based on the basic characteristics analysis of blast phenomenon and building destruction,combined with the research on the anti-blast principle of the cementitious composites,this article focuses on the fine/micro-structure design of fibre-,nacre-and gradient concrete,as well as macro-structure design such as explosion venting structure and property objectives,and the research progress of multi-scale structure design and blast-resistant properties of the UHPCC is mainly reviewed.The structural damage status and destruction mechanism of the UHPCC under the action of explosive are described.Finally,the existing problems in the research of anti-blast UHPCC are further discussed,and their development trends are prospected.