花绒寄甲控制果园桃红颈天牛的研究

Study on biological control of Aromia bungii in the peach orchard by Dastarcus helophoroides

花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides是林木蛀干害虫天牛类的重要天敌昆虫,已在我国应用于多种天牛类害虫的生物防治。桃红颈天牛Aromia bungii是多种蔷薇科果树和园林树木的主要蛀干害虫,近年来在华东和华北地区危害严重。为有效、可持续性地控制桃红颈天牛对果园桃树危害,根据受害树的受害等级于2020年5月底分别释放不同数量的花绒寄甲成虫,于天敌释放后1个多月和4个多月调查不同受害等级的受害树数量。结果表明:释放天敌1个多月后的7月中旬,桃树的受害程度比释放天敌前有所减轻;释放天敌4个月后的9月底检查,果树受害程度相比7月中旬有所增加,但相比释放天敌前仍有所降低;管理水平较好和中等的果园,桃红颈天牛危害有所下降,但管理水平较差果园的天牛危害程度呈现加重的态势。花绒寄甲对果园桃红颈天牛有一定的控制作用,果园不同管理水平对应用天敌控制桃红颈天牛的效果有不同的影响,在管理水平中等以上的果园,释放花绒寄甲成虫可以达到较为明显的生物防治效果。

Dastarcus helophoroides is an important insect natural enemy of cerambycids,which many of them are serious wood borers.D.helophoroides has already been used to control many cerambycid species in China.Aromia bungii is a main wood borer insect of many fruit and garden trees of Rosaceae,and has caused serious damage in the eastern and northern China.To control effectively and sustainably of A.bungii in the peach orchard,we categorized the infected peach trees into three levels so to release the different numbers of D.helophoroides adults according to different infection levels at the end of May,2020,and evaluated the biocontrol effect by checking the number of infected trees of different infection levels after one month and four months,respectively.In July,after over one month of releasing D.helophoroides,the number of infected trees decreased in total.In September,after four months of releasing parasitoid,the numbers of infected tree were more than that in July,but were reduced from May to September.In the orchards with the different management levels,the infection levels of A.bungii decreased in the orchards with higher and the middle management levels,but the infection levels of A.bungii increased in the orchards with poor management.The results indicated that D.helophoroides had certain control effect on A.bungii in the peach orchards.Different management levels in orchards had different impacts on biological control of A.bungii by D.helophoroides.For the orchards with the higher and the middle management levels,there were obvious biological control effects of A.bungii by D.helophoroides.