工作家庭平衡制度的福利悖论与破解之道

On Welfare Paradox of Work Family Balance System and Its Solution

工作家庭平衡制度中的单项措施以帮助承担无偿照护责任的女性为目标,但也存在不利于实现性别平等、有违制度初衷的福利悖论现象。比较不同的工作家庭平衡制度立法模式可知,造成福利悖论的主要原因是福利供给制度仅涉及收入再分配而未考虑劳动性别分工的再分配,难以促进两性之间的"能力平等";家庭福利措施慷慨度、就业措施家庭友好度、劳动性别分工公平度三因素共同影响着女性就业状况。促进三因素的平衡发展,可使工作家庭平衡制度的立法模式从"自食其力"向"充分福利"方向发展,从"补偿弱者"向"重构分工"方向发展,有利于劳动性别分工的重构,破解福利悖论。

The single measure in the work family balance system aims to help women who bear the responsibility of unpaid care,but there is also a welfare paradox that is not conducive to the realization of gender equality and contrary to the original intention of the system.Comparing different legislative models of work family balance system,the main reason for the welfare paradox is that the welfare supply system only involves income redistribution without considering the redistribution of gender division of labor,which is difficult to promote"ability equality"between men and women;The generosity of family welfare measures,the family friendliness of employment measures and the fairness of gender division of labor jointly affect women’s employment status.Promoting the balanced development of the three factors can make the legislative model of the work family balance system develop from"self-reliance"to"full welfare",and from"compensating the weak"to"reconstructing the division of labor",which is conducive to the reconstruction of gender division of labor and solving the welfare paradox.