原型角色、及物性和因果链:汉语动结式论元配置的语义理据

Proto-roles,Transitivity and Cause-effect Chain: Semantic Accounts for Argument Configuration in Chinese Verb-resultative Constructions

论元实现是具有语义理据的。原型角色和及物性理论指出,具有"状态变化"属性的题元必然实现为宾语,而致使这种变化的题元必然被配置为主语。因果链和力量传递理论告诉我们:表征受力者的名词短语必然是结果短语陈述的对象。汉语动结式表征致使事件,经历"状态变化"的实体是必备的语义要素,可称为"变元"。含一个论元的一般动结式,变元必然被配置至S位。含两个论元的,变元必然被配置至O位;另一论元要么是致元,要么是致因一部分,被配置到S位。此外,占据O位的并非一定是大宾语,可以是V1或V2在底层所携宾语,因完整表达致因或结果的需要而占据O的位置。

Argument realization is semantically grounded. Proto-roles and transitivity theories hold that the theta role with"change of state"must be realized as Object,and the theta role causing the change will be realized as Subject.Cause-effect chain and energy flow theories tell us that the result phrase is inevitably predicated of the NP representing the force recipient. Chinese verb-resultative constructions( VRC) feature an indispensable entity that experiences"change of state",i. e.,the theta role of THEME. For a VRC containing only one argument,THEME must be assigned to Subject. For a VRC with two arguments,THEME must be realized as Object,and the other,being either CAUSER or part of CAUSE,will be assigned to Subject. In addition,Object is not necessarily occupied by the meta argument of the RVC but may be filled by the underlying object of V1 or V2. It occupies the object position because of the need to express the cause or result completely.