β-淀粉样蛋白与阿尔茨海默病神经网络异常

Amyloid β-protein and neural network abnormality in Alzheimer’s disease

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)是老年人中最常见的神经退行性疾病,临床表现为进行性的认知障碍、行为紊乱及人格改变。β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloid-βprotein, Aβ)是AD发生发展的关键因素。该文主要从Aβ诱导的突触功能障碍、突触丢失、神经元兴奋性异常、不同类型神经元丢失、神经网络兴奋/抑制失衡及theta和gamma等神经节律异常几个层面综述Aβ引发神经网络功能障碍的机制,以期为临床药物研究或开发基于神经网络的AD早期诊断的生物标志物提供一定的思路。

Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, with clinical manifestations of progressive cognitive impairment, behavioral disorder, and personality change. Amyloid β-protein(Aβ) is a key factor in the occurrence and development of AD. This article mainly reviews Aβ-induced synaptic dysfunction, synapses loss, abnormal neuron excitability, loss of different types of neurons, neural network excitation/inhibition imbalance, neural oscillations abnormalities, such as theta and gamma oscillations. It is expected to provide some ideas for clinical drug research or the development of neural network-based biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AD.