T型正交三支路轴向槽道热管性能实验研究

The Experimental Investigation of a T-type Orthogonal Three Branch Axial Grooved Heat Pipe

基于空间光学相机应用需求,提出了用接头将多根轴向槽道热管进行连接组成多支路轴向槽道热管的应用思路。通过实验研究了单接头T型正交三支路轴向槽道热管的性能,测试了在单一支路制冷,另外2支路单独加热及同时加热时不同加热功率条件下该热管的瞬态热响应启动性能和等温性能,并计算了不同条件下的当量导热系数和总热阻。实验结果表明:本文T型正交三支路轴向槽道热管,对其任一支路进行制冷,另外2支路单独加热以及同时加热时,在实验功率范围内热管都具有较好的瞬态热响应启动特性,启动稳定时间约400 s;当量导热系数为铝合金的340~1029.9倍,具有热管良好的高效传热特性;且在不同使用条件下,热管蒸发段与绝热段的等温性都较好,但包括冷凝段在内的整体等温性则存在差异。相比较而言,无论单支路加热还是双支路加热,垂直支路制冷条件都优于水平支路制冷条件。本文实验结果验证了用接头将多根轴向槽道热管进行连接组成多支路轴向槽道热管应用的可行性,且通过实验数据总结的一些规律对多支路轴向槽道热管的工程设计具有一定指导意义。

To meet the application requirements of space optical cameras, the idea of multi branch axial grooved heat pipe that is composed of multiple(two or more) axial grooved heat pipe tube shells connected to each other by special joints with additional inner capillary wicks was proposed.The characteristics of a T-type orthogonal three branch axial grooved heat pipe were studied by experiments. Under different conditions, the transient thermal response startup performance and isothermal characteristics of the T-type orthogonal three branch axial grooved heat pipe were tested.The effective thermal conductivity and equivalent thermal resistance under different conditions were calculated. The experiment condition variables were heating power, positions of condensor section and evaporator section. The T-type orthogonal three branch axial grooved heat pipe could startup smoothly no matter which branch was condensor section and the other two branches were heated separately or simultaneously, and startup time was about 400 s. The effective thermal conductivity of the T-type orthogonal three branch axial grooved heat pipe under different conditions was 57.0~172.0 k W·m-1·℃-1, which was 340~1029.9 times of that of aluminum alloy and indicated that it had excellect and efficient thermal conductivity of heat pipe. Under different operating conditions,both evaporator section and adiabatic section had better isothermal performance. But the overall isothermal performance including condensor section were different. In comparison, no matter single branch was heated or double branches were heated, the overall isothermal performance including condensor section when the vertical branch was coolling was better than that when the horizontal branch was colling. The feasibility of multi branch axial channel heat pipe was verified. And some rules summed up by the experimental data had certain guiding significance for the engineering design of multi branch axial grooved heat pipe.