宋明理学道德修养论视野下传统武术理想人格研究

Research on Ideal Personality of TraditionalWushu from the Perspective of Moral Cultivation of Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties

以宋明理学道德修养论为理论依托,系统展开对传统武术理想人格的探讨。研究认为,受宋明理学道德修养论影响,传统武术理想人格修养的目标为君子(一种道德人格,既有外在言行举止的合宜得体,又有内在的知、仁、勇、毅等品格特征)。宋明理学道德修养论对传统武术君子人格的塑造主要产生了4方面积极影响:1)“先立乎其大”,引领习武者奠定君子之基;2)贯通事物之“理”,促进习武者成就君子之“知”;3)高扬德性主体,助推习武者成就君子之“仁”;4)筑牢笃行之基,推动习武者成就君子之“勇”。宋明理学道德修养论视野下传统武术君子人格修养的方法与进路可细化为:由“懵懂”而“致知”的外在锤炼之道;由“为学”而“进德”的内在涵养之道;由“技”近乎“道”的内外合一之道。宋明理学道德修养论视野下传统武术理想人格修养的当代价值主要为:以武“志”树立远大志向,磨练个人意志,强化自强不息的民族精神;以武“知”培植“浩然正气”,引导人们求真明善,养成正确的人生价值观;以武“仁”强化道德自律,稳固和谐群己关系,推动社会主义和谐社会发展;以武“勇”增强责任意识,促进道德认知与实践高度统一,推进国家文明建设。

Based on the theory of moral cultivation of Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties,it systematically discusses the ideal personality of traditional Wushu.Influenced by the moral cultivation theory of Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties,the goal of ideal personality cultivation in traditional Wushu is to be a gentleman.The moral cultivation theory of Neo Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties had four positive effects on the shaping of the gentleman’s personality of traditional Wushu:1)“Setting high goals first”to lead the Wushu exercisers to lay a foundation of being a gentleman;2)understanding the truth of things thoroughly to promote the Wushu exercisers to achieve the“knowledge”of gentlemen;3)highly advocating the virtue subject to promote Wushu exercisers to achieve the“benevolence”of gentlemen;4)building a solid foundation for practice to promote Wushu exercisers to achieve the“courage”of gentlemen.From the perspective of Neo-Confucianism moral cultivation theory in Song and Ming Dynasties,the methods and approaches of traditional Wushu gentleman personality cultivation can be detailed as follows:The way of external tempering from“ignorance”to“knowledge”;the way of inner self-cultivation from“learning”to“morality”;the way of uniting inside and outside from“skill”to“Tao”.The contemporary value of ideal personality cultivation of traditional Wushu from the perspective of Neo-Confucianism moral cultivation theory in Song and Ming Dynasties is mainly as follows:Setting up lofty aspirations with Wushu“ambition”to temper individual will and strengthen the national spirit of constantly striving;cultivating“awe-inspiring righteousness”with Wushu“knowledge”to lead people to seek truth and goodness and develop the right values in life;strengthening moral self-discipline with Wushu“benevolence”to maintain a stable and harmonious relationship between the group and the individual and promote the development of the harmonious socialist society;enhancing the sense of responsibility with Wushu“courage”to promote a high unity between moral cognition and practice,and promote the construction of national civilization.