检察指导性案例体例结构实证研究——基于对最高人民检察院检察指导性案例的行文分析

An Empirical Study on the Structure of the Procuratorial Guiding Cases:Based on the Analysis of 93 Guiding Cases of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate

检察指导性案例是检察机关在司法活动中逐步积累的重要司法资源,对于弥补成文法缺陷、统一法律适用具有重要价值。当前,检察机关指导性案例工作进入"快车道",但通过对"文本中"的相关工作规定与"实践中"最高人民检察院发布的二十四批93件指导性案例进行"共时性"与"历时性"比较分析,不难发现,检察机关指导性案例在体例结构上存在现实表达与规范性文件的部分悖离、始终处于"变动不居"状态等现实问题。面对"成长中的烦恼",未来在撰写检察指导性案例时应秉持"立足参照、尊重母本、固定体例、重点突出、逻辑严密、说理充分"等原则,在一级模块上应当依照相关规范性文件,坚持"标题、关键词、要旨、基本案情、检察机关履职过程、指导意义以及相关规定"的体例结构。在能够反映检察机关职能、体现检察指导性案例特色的"检察机关履职过程"部分可参照不同的案件类型进行细分,以突出检察机关在各类案件中的法律监督特点。

As an important judicial resource gradually accumulated by procuratorial organs in judicial activities,guiding cases play an important role and are of great value in making up for the defects of written law and unifying the application of law.At present,the issuance of guiding cases of procuratorial organs has entered into a"fast lane"of development.However,through"synchronic"and"diachronic"comparisons and analysis of working regulations in the"texts"and 93 guiding cases issued in 24 sets based on"practice",it is not difficult to identify several issues in the structure of procuratorial guiding cases,such as partial contradiction between practical expressions and normative documents,and the status of the structure being"constantly in the change".Confronting this"growing pain",the drafting and issuance of procuratorial guiding cases should follow the principles of"being based on reference,respecting the parent documents,following fixed styles,highlighting key points,and promoting rigorous logic and sufficient reasoning".Moreover,relevant normative documents should be followed in the first-level modules,and a style structure consisting of"title,key words,gist,basic case,procuratorial performance,guiding significance and relevant provisions"should be thoroughly implemented.In addition,the"procuratorial performance"that reflects the functions of procuratorial organs and the characteristics of procuratorial guiding cases can be subdivided with reference to different types of cases to highlight the characteristics of legal supervision of procuratorial organs in various cases.