幕墙型式对高层建筑室内自然通风影响的模拟

Simulation of Effect of Curtain Wall Type on Indoor Natural Ventilation in High-rise Buildings

以济南某高层办公楼为例,在幕墙(幕墙型式1:采用平开窗的普通幕墙,幕墙型式2:采用侧面开窗的凹凸式幕墙)外窗处于全部开启的状态下,模拟过渡期的室内自然通风情况,评价标准层(7~16层)开放办公区、会议室、男卫生间的风速、空气龄、换气次数。与配置幕墙型式1相比,配置幕墙型式2的标准层的室内风速更小。配置幕墙型式1时,由西南侧进入的气流形成了西南-西北、西南-东北两个方向的高速(1.8~2.0 m/s)穿堂气流,覆盖开放办公区面积约430 m^(2),风环境舒适度差。开放办公区的低风速(小于1 m/s)区域面积约400 m^(2),风环境较舒适或舒适。对于会议室,约20%的面积风速大于1 m/s,其他区域风环境较舒适或舒适。男卫生间存在明显的高速区。配置幕墙型式2时,仅在标准层的西南角及延长线形成了高风速区,不仅风速有限,影响面积(仅占开放办公区的7%)也比较小,大部分开放办公区的风环境比较舒适。会议室的平均风速为0.4 m/s,风环境比较舒适。男卫生间存在小范围高速区。配置幕墙型式2的标准层室内风环境更加舒适。与配置幕墙型式2相比,配置幕墙型式1的标准层的室内空气龄更短。配置幕墙型式1时,除电梯间、楼梯间等以外的主要办公区约94.4%的面积空气龄为0~100 s,5.6%的面积空气龄为100~200 s,室内空气新鲜。配置幕墙型式2时,主要办公区约82.6%的面积空气龄在200 s左右,空气新鲜。其他主要办公区的空气龄200~500 s,空气品质一般。西南方向的空气新鲜度明显优于东北方向。建议在东侧增加开窗数量,以提高空气品质。楼层对室内换气次数影响不大。与配置幕墙型式2相比,配置幕墙型式1的典型楼层各房间换气次数更高。配置幕墙型式1、2的典型楼层各房间的换气次数均能得到GB/T 50378—2019《绿色建筑评价标准》评定的最高分。综合评价结果,幕墙型式2的综合性能更加突出。

Taking a high-rise office building in Jinan as an example,when the external windows of curtain wall(curtain wall type 1:ordinary curtain wall with flat window opening,curtain wall type 2:concave-convex curtain wall with side window opening)are all opened,the indoor natural ventilation in transition period is simulated,the wind speed,air age and number of indoor air changes of open office areas,meeting rooms and men's restrooms on the standard floors(7 to 16 floors)are evaluated.Compared with the curtain wall type 1,the indoor wind speed of the standard floor with the curtain wall type 2 is lower.When configuring the curtain wall type 1,the airflow entering from the southwest side forms a high-speed(1.8 to 2.0 m/s)airflow in two directions from southwest to northwest and southwest to northeast,covering an open office area of about 430 m^(2),and the wind environment is poor in comfort.The area of low wind speed(less than 1 m/s)in the open office area is about 400 m^(2),and the wind environment is more comfortable or comfortable.For meeting rooms,about 20%of the area has a wind speed greater than 1 m/s,and the wind environment in other areas is more comfortable or comfortable.There is an obvious high-speed zone in the men's restroom.When configuring the curtain wall type 2,only the southwest corner of the standard floor and the extension line form a high wind speed zone.Not only the wind speed is limited,the affected area(only 7%of the open office area)is also relatively small and the wind environment of most open office areas is more comfortable.The average wind speed in the meeting room is 0.4 m/s,and the wind environment is more comfortable.There is a small high-speed zone in the men's restroom.The indoor wind environment of the standard floor with curtain wall type 2 is more comfortable.Compared with the curtain wall type 2,the indoor air age of the standard floor with the curtain wall type 1 is shorter.When configuring the curtain wall type 1,about 94.4%of the main office areas except elevators and stairwells,etc have an air age of 0 to 100 s,and 5.6%of the area has an air age of 100 to 200 s.The indoor air is fresh.When configuring the curtain wall type 2,about 82.6%of the main office area has an air age of about 200 s,and the air is fresh.The air age in other main office areas is 200 to 500 s,and the air quality is average.The air freshness in the southwest is significantly better than in the northeast.It is recommended to increase the number of opening windows on the east side to improve air quality.The floor has little effect on the number of indoor air changes.Compared with the curtain wall type 2,the number of indoor air changes in each room of a typical floor with the curtain wall type 1 is higher.The number of indoor air changes in each room of typical floors with curtain wall types 1 and 2 can get the highest score assessed by Assessment Standard for Green Building(GB/T 50378-2019).The comprehensive evaluation results show that the comprehensive performance of the curtain wall type 2 is more prominent.