幼儿教师情绪劳动量表的研究与慎思

Research and Reflection on the Emotional Labor Scale for Early Childhood Teachers

情绪劳动作为“第三种劳动”渐为人知。“重构学前教育专业性概念”运动主旨之一就是强调情绪性和情绪劳动是学前教育实践工作者专业性的一部分。与其他阶段的教育相比,学前教育的情绪特征与时代需求更为突出。现存的情绪劳动量表对幼儿教师情绪劳动测量存在文化适宜、职业适宜等缺陷,不能全面、准确地反映我国幼儿教师情绪劳动状况。遵循量表开发和验证的原则及步骤,基于35名幼教专家的定性调查和5763名幼儿教师的定量调查,为我国幼儿教师“量身定制”了能体现幼儿教师工作特性的情绪劳动量表。该量表包含表层、深层与自然3个分量表,共25项,信度和效度的各项指标均达理想值。本研究发现,3种情绪劳动均分有显著差异,其中,自然表现均分最高,其他依次为深层表现、表层表现;3种情绪劳动的得分与教师受教育程度、年龄、教龄均呈正比。本研究扎根本土幼教专业实践,对幼儿教师情绪劳动研究及幼教实践均有积极意义。

Emotional labor has now been considered to be a third type of labor in addition to manual labor and mental labor.One of the main purposes of the“restructuring the concept of professionalism among early childhood teachers”campaign is to emphasize that emotionality and emotional labor are an integral part of the professionalism for early childhood teachers.Compared with other stages of education,the emotional characteristics of early childhood education and the needs of the times are more prominent.Due to their limitations in relation to the lack of cultural and professional appropriateness,the current emotional labor scales are not able to comprehensively and accurately portray the real picture of the state of emotional labor among early childhood teachers in China.Following the principles and procedures of scale development and validation and based on qualitative data collected from 35 early childhood professionals and quantitative data collected from 5763 early childhood teachers,in this study,an emotional labor scale has been developed and validated that is tailored to reflect the nature of the early childhood teaching work.The scale contains three sub-scales including surface display,deep display,and natural display and is composed of 25 items with all the reliability and validity indices reaching threshold standards.It is found that there is a significant difference in frequencies between the three types of emotional labor,with natural display occurring most frequently followed by deep display and surface display respectively.It is also found that emotional labor is positively correlated with education,age,and early childhood teachers’years of teaching.This study is grounded on the Chinese early childhood practice,and therefore has positive implications for the research on emotional labor of early childhood teachers and early childhood education practice.