“文学性”理论原点溯源——论作为现代斯拉夫文论基本命题与轴心话语的“文学性”

Tracing the Origin of Literariness: a Central Term and Discourse in Modern Slavic Literary Theory

"文学性"这个现代文学理论的基本命题,堪称现代斯拉夫文论对世界文学理论的一大贡献。这一命题1919年由罗曼·雅各布森提出,后成为现代斯拉夫文论的一个轴心话语。百年来,学者们一直在追问何为"文学性",一直在探索"文学性"有哪些生成路径。对"文学性"理论深耕,有必要回到原点,回到雅各布森提出"文学性"命题的语境;有必要回到元典,回到"文学性"这一话语诞生于其中的文本。从对大语境与小语境的梳理和对元典文本的探析可以看到,"文学性"这一命题是俄罗斯革命时代的产儿,是俄罗斯形式论学派"文学革命"的产儿。

Literariness,a primary concept of modern literary theory,can be regarded as a great contribution of modern Slavic literary theory to the world literary theory. Proposed first by Roman Jakobson in 1919,Literariness has turned into a central discourse for modern Slavic literary theory,of which scholars from home and abroad have been exploring the ways to define it and the ways it generates over the past century. This paper argues that in order to better understand it,it is crucial to trace down the origin of the concept,to retrieve the context from which it was proposed,and to reread the text in which it was first put forward. After analyzing these contexts of different types,this paper concludes that literariness is a reasonable outcome of Russian revolution and Russian formalism.