小胶质细胞与创伤性脑损伤关系的研究进展

Research Progress of the Relationship between Microglia and Traumatic Brain Injury

创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)是全球范围内人类致残和致死的主要原因之一,目前尚无有效的治疗方案。TBI可分为两个阶段:瞬时的原发性损伤,发生在损伤瞬间;以及之后的继发性损伤,该阶段涉及一系列复杂的病理过程。神经炎症是TBI的一个标志,它被认为是一个决定TBI转归的主要因素。作为中枢神经系统中的第一道也是最主要的一道免疫防线,小胶质细胞在TBI发生后被迅速激活,其表型随脑内微环境的变化而变化,表现出神经保护和神经毒性双重作用,因此小胶质细胞被视为治疗TBI的一个重要靶点。该文对TBI发生后小胶质细胞的时空特征、功能及以小胶质细胞为靶点的治疗方法的研究进展作一综述。

TBI(traumatic brain injury)is one of the main causes of human death and disability in the world,and there is no effective treatment at present.TBI can be divided into two stages:transient primary injury,which occurs at the moment of injury,and subsequent secondary injury.The secondary injury involves a series of complex pathological processes.Neuroinflammation is a symbol of TBI,which is considered as a major factor in determining disease progression and outcome.Microglia,as the first and most important immune defense line in the central nervous system,is activated rapidly after TBI,and shows dynamic phenotype in response to the changes of brain microenvironment.Microglia has dual effects of neuroprotection and neurotoxicity.Therefore,microglia is regarded as an important target for the treatment of TBI.Here,the temporal and spatial characteristics,function of microglia after TBI and the research progress of microglia-targeted therapy are reviewed.