水肥互作对菏麦21产量及农艺性状的影响

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Interaction on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Hemai 21

探明水肥互作对菏麦21产量及其构成因素的影响,旨为通过合理的水肥管理实现品种高产潜力的充分发挥。采用裂区二因素(主因素为灌水,副因素为施肥)随机区组试验设计进行小麦春季的水肥管理,灌水条件设返青水(W1,CK)、拔节水(W2)、拔节水+开花水(W3)和返青水+孕穗水(W4) 4个水平,施肥条件设尿素225 kg/hm^(2)(A1,CK)、尿素225 kg/hm^(2)+磷酸二铵75 kg/hm^(2)(A2)、尿素225 kg/hm^(2)+硫酸钾75 kg/hm^(2)(A3)和尿素225 kg/hm^(2)+磷酸二铵75 kg/hm^(2)+硫酸钾75 kg/hm^(2)(A4) 4个水平,肥料在春季浇第1水时施用,研究了水肥互作对小麦产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:W3处理的穗粒数和千粒重最大,产量最高,3个指标与W2和W4处理差异均不显著,但穗粒数和产量较W1处理显著增加;A4处理的产量构成三因素均最大,产量最高,但与其他处理差异均不显著;所有水肥组合中,W3A4处理的产量构成因素最为合理,产量最高,与除W3A1和W3A3外的其他处理差异均达到了显著水平。灌水对小麦产量有极显著影响;其他2个因素对小麦产量影响均不显著,其中水肥互作的影响程度略高于施肥因素。在保证春浇拔节水和开花水的条件下,氮磷钾肥配施,菏麦21产量最高,达到9 762.3 kg/hm^(2);仅施氮肥或氮钾肥配施,产量水平(9 596.5~9 617.8 kg/hm^(2))也很高。

The effects of water and fertilizer interaction on the yield and its components of Hemai 21 were explored in order to realize the full play of high yield potential through reasonable water and fertilizer management. The effects of water fertilizer interaction on wheat yield and its components were studied. The split plot two-factor(irrigation was the main factor and fertilization was the secondary factor) randomized block design was used to conduct water and fertilizer management of wheat in spring. The irrigation conditions were set as returning green water(W1,CK),jointing water(W2),jointing water+flowering water(W3) and returning green water+booting water(W4). The fertilization conditions were set as urea 225 kg/hm^(2)(A1,CK),urea 225 kg/hm^(2)+DAP 75 kg/hm^(2)(A2),urea 225 kg/hm^(2)+K2 SO475 kg/hm^(2)(A3) and urea 225 kg/hm^(2)+DAP 75 kg/hm^(2)+K2 SO475 kg/hm^(2)(A4) were applied at the first irrigation in spring. The grain number per spike,1 000 grain weight and yield of W3 treatment were the highest,which were not significantly different from those of W2 and W4 treatment, but the grain number per spike and yield were significantly higher than those of W1 treatment. The yield components of A4 treatment were the largest, the yield was the highest, which had no significant difference with other treatments. Among all water and fertilizer combinations, W3 A4 treatment had the most reasonable yield components and the highest yield,which was significantly different from other treatments except W3 A1 and W3 A3 treatment. Irrigation had a significant effect on yield. The other two factors had no significant effect on yield,and the effect of water fertilizer interaction was slightly higher than that of fertilization. Under the condition of saving water for spring irrigation and flowering,the yield of Hemai 21 was the highest,reaching 9 762.3 kg/hm^(2). The yield level(9 596.5-9617.8 kg/hm^(2)) was also very high when only applying N fertilizer or N and K fertilizer.