不同灌溉定额对日光温室茄子农艺性状和产量的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Quota on Agronomic Traits and Yield for Eggplant in Greenhouse

明确滴灌条件下日光温室茄子的最佳灌溉定额,可以为华北地区温室茄子节水高产技术的制定提供理论依据。茄子采用滴灌方式灌水,全生育期灌溉次数设2次(均在苗期)、6次(苗期2次,结果初期、采收期各2次)、8次(苗期2次,结果初期、采收期各3次)、10次(苗期2次,结果初期、采收期各4次)和12次(苗期2次,结果初期、采收期各5次) 5个处理,每次灌溉定额均为22.5 mm,研究不同灌溉总额对日光温室茄子农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明:全生育期只苗期灌溉2次时,水分亏缺严重,导致植株正常生长受到明显抑制,果实性状指标均最差,产量极显著低于其他处理;全生育期灌溉12次时,水分供应过度,导致植株营养生长过旺,果实性状较差;全生育期灌溉10次时,茄子植株生长健壮、果实性状最好、产量最高,具体表现为株高较大、茎粗壮,叶面积指数适宜,果实单果重(400.51 g)最大,商品率(70%)最高,产量(55 244.55 kg/hm^(2))显著高于其他处理。滴灌条件下,日光温室茄子全生育期的适宜灌溉总额为225 mm,推荐全生育期共灌水10次、每次灌溉22.5 mm。

The best irrigation quota of greenhouse eggplant under drip irrigation can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of water-saving and high-yield technology of eggplant in greenhouse in north China. Eggplant was irrigated by drip irrigation. The irrigation times in the whole growth period were divided into 5 treatments:2 times(all in seedling stage),6 times(2 times in seedling stage,2 times in early fruiting stage and 2 times in harvest stage),8 times(2 times in seedling stage,3 times in early fruiting stage and 3 times in harvest stage),10 times(2 times in seedling stage,4 times in early fruiting stage and 4 times in harvest stage) and12 times(2 times in seedling stage,5 times in early fruiting stage and 5 times in harvest stage),and each irrigation quota was 22.5 mm. The effects of different irrigation quota on agronomic traits and yield of eggplant in greenhouse were studied. The results showed that in the whole growth period,when the seedlings were irrigated twice, the water deficit was serious, which led to the inhibition of the normal growth of plants, the worst fruit traits,and the yield was significantly lower than other treatments. When the seedlings were irrigated for 12 times in the whole growth period, the water supply was excessive, which led to excessive vegetative growth and poor fruit characters. When the seedlings were irrigated for 10 times in the whole growth period,the plant grew healthily, the fruit traits were the best, and the yield was the highest. The specific performance was that the plant height was larger, the stem was stout, the leaf area index was suitable,the fruit weight per fruit(400.51 g) was the largest,the commodity rate(70%) was the highest,and the yield(55 244.55 kg/hm^(2)) was significantly higher than other treatments. Under the condition of drip irrigation,the suitable total irrigation for the whole growth period of eggplant in greenhouse is 225 mm. It is recom-mended to irrigate 10 times and 22.5 mm each time in the whole growth period.