红国光苹果新品种红光1号的组培快繁技术研究

Rapid Propagation of New Apple Varieties by Tissue Culture

为加快红国光苹果的示范推广,提高苹果苗木繁殖速度及苗木质量,以红国光苹果新品种红光1号的1 a生枝条为试材,在进行组织培养时添加富里酸、海藻素、阿司匹林等外源物质,经过水培培养、初代培养、继代培养、生根培养、栽前炼苗、栽后管理等过程不同处理筛选后,形成了一套高效完整的组培工艺。结果显示:用富里酸10 000倍水溶液进行水培,较常规方法提前发芽3~5 d;采用成分为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.01 mg/L的培养基进行初代培养,组培苗成活率最高,为84.85%;采用成分为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L的培养基进行继代培养,组培苗扩繁系数最大,为4.67;采用成分为1/2MS+IAA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.6 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L+琼脂4.5g/L的培养基进行生根培养,生根率最高,为90.90%;栽前炼苗时用海藻素2 000倍液+多菌灵2 000倍液浸泡5 min,并将并将根部多余的培养基清洗干净,炼苗成活率高达92.92%;移栽后7 d内用多菌灵1 000倍液+阿司匹林50 mg/L溶液喷灌,7~14 d用清水喷灌,移栽成活率高达92.92%。形成了一套完整的组培工艺:组织培养液用富里酸10 000倍水溶液;采用成分为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.01 mg/L的培养基进行初代培养;采用成分为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L的培养基进行继代培养;采用成分为1/2MS+IAA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.6 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L+琼脂4.5g/L的培养基进行生根培养;栽前炼苗时用海藻素2 000倍液+多菌灵2 000倍液浸泡;移栽后7 d内用多菌灵1 000倍液+阿司匹林50 mg/L溶液喷灌。

In order to speed up the demonstration and promotion of Hongguoguang apple,improve the propagation speed and seedling quality,the 1-year-old branches of Hongguoguang No.1, a new apple variety, were used as test materials. During the tissue culture,fulvic acid,alginate,aspirin and other exogenous substances were added. After hydroponics, primary culture, subculture, rooting culture, seedling refining before planting,and management after planting,a set of efficient and complete tissue culture method was formed. The results showed that when the shoots were treated with 10 000 times fulvic acid solution,the buds sprouted 3-5 days earlier than the conventional method. The survival rate of tissue culture seedlings was 84.85% with the culture medium of MS +6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.01 mg/L, and the propagation coefficient was 4.67 when the subculture medium was MS +6-BA 1.0 mg/L +NAA0.05 mg/L. The rooting rate was 90.90% when the rooting medium was 1/2 MS+IAA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.6 mg/L +sucrose 20 g/L+agar 4.5 g/L. The survival rate of refined seedlings was 92.92% when seedlings were soaked in algin 2 000 times solution +carbendazim 2 000 times solution for 5 min,and the excess medium in roots was cleaned. The survival rate reached 93.94% when the seedlings were sprayed with carbendazim1 000 times solution+aspirin 50 mg/L solution within 7 d after transplanting,and sprayed with water 7-14 d after transplanting. A complete set of tissue culture technology was formed:10 000 times aqueous solution of fulvic acid was used as tissue culture solution,the medium with MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.01 mg/L was used for primary culture,the medium with MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L was used for subculture,the medium with 1/2 MS+IAA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.6 mg/L+sucrose 20 g/L+agar 4.5 g/L was used for rooting culture,the seedlings were soaked in 2 000 times solution of algin and 2 000 times solution of carbendazim before planting,and the seedlings were sprayed with carbendazim 1 000 times solution+aspirin 50 mg/L solution within 7 d after transplanting.