河北省集约化养殖废水中氮磷和重金属含量分布特征

Distribution Characteristics of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Heavy Metals in Intensive Livestock and Poultry Wastewater in Hebei Province

为了实现集约化养殖废水的资源化利用,降低农田应用的环境风险,通过样品收集和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了河北省集约化养殖废水中氮磷和重金属含量的分布特征。结果表明:养殖废水的总氮、氨氮和总磷含量分别为59.10~1 882.90、8.85~1 789.88和20.63~38.10 mg/L,平均含量分别为162.98、73.10和22.00 mg/L,依据集约化畜禽养殖业水污染物排放标准(GB 18596—2001),有44.44%的样品氨氮含量超标,所有样品总磷含量均超标,其中猪场养殖废水的总氮和氨氮含量均高于牛场,总磷含量与牛场基本相当。养殖废水的Cu、Zn含量分别为0.08~1.90、0.00~4.10 mg/L,平均含量分别为0.15、0.33 mg/L,依据国家综合污水排放标准(GB 8978—1996)时,Cu、Zn的样本超标率分别为5.97%和1.49%,其他重金属元素均不超标;依据农业部沼肥限量标准(NY/T 2596—2014)时,所有养殖废水的重金属含量均不超标。可以将集约化养殖废水通过氧化塘或沼气工程进行适当处理后,当作沼液肥进行田间施用。

In order to realize the resource utilization of intensive livestock and poultry wastewater and reduce the environmental risk of farmland application,the methods of sample collection and indoor analysis were combined,and the distribution characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus and heavy metals in intensive livestock and poultry wastewater in Hebei Province were studied. The results showed that the contents of total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus were 59.10-1 882.90,8.85-1 789.88 and 20.63-38.10 mg/L,respectively,and the average contents were 162.98,73.10 and 22.00 mg/L,respectively. According to the Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Intensive Livestock and Poultry Industry(GB 18596-2001),44% of the samples had ammonia nitrogen content exceeding the standard,and the total phosphorus content of all samples exceeded the standard. The total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen content of piggery wastewater was higher than that of cattle farm,and the total phosphorus content was basically equal to that of cattle farm. The contents of Cu and Zn in livestock wastewater were 0.08-1.90 mg/L and 0.00-4.10 mg/L,respectively,and the average content was0.15 mg/L and 0.33 mg/L,respectively. According to the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB 8978-1996), the exceeding standard rates of Cu and Zn were 5.97% and 1.49%, respectively. The other heavy metal elements content were lower than the standard. According to the Limited Standard of Biogas Fertilizer(NY/T 2596-2014), the heavy metal contents of all livestock wastewater were lower than the standard values. The intensive livestock and poultry wastewater can be properly treated by oxidation pond or biogas project and then used as biogas liquid fertilizer in the field. Intensive aquaculture wastewater can be properly treated by oxidation pond or biogas engineering,and then applied as biogas slurry fertilizer in field.