北京市水环境现状及流域综合治理措施

Water environmentstatus and comprehensive management measures of watershed in Beijing

从流域尺度研究北京市水环境时空特征,综合分析流域水环境现状。研究结果表明:北京市流域水环境质量时空异质性显著,上游流域地表水水质显著优于下游流域,地表水体流经中心城区后,水质开始恶化,表明中心城区仍是流域污染的主要来源。2018—2019年地表水水质类别月际间波动明显,表明地表水体并未持续改善,为陆域非点源和点源污染输入、内源污染释放与河流生态环境用水严重不足等多重因素所致。提出加大流域污染源头整治力度、全面推进中心城区海绵城市建设、继续增加河流生态环境用水补给、探索水环境治理领域市场有效引入机制、强化流域水环境综合协同管理等北京市流域综合治理措施。

Spatiotemporal characteristics of water environment in Beijing were studied at the watershed scale to comprehensively analyze the water environment status of the watershed.The results show a pronounced spatiotemporal heterogeneity of water environment quality in the Beijing watershed.The surface water quality in the upstream was significantly better than that in the downstream.After the surface water flowing through the central urban area,the water quality began to deteriorate,indicating that the central urban area was the main source of watershed pollution.The intermonth fluctuation of surface water quality categories from 2018 to 2019 was notable,which indicated that the surface water bodies had not continued to be improved.It was mainly caused by the combined factors of non-point and point source pollution input from upland area,the release of internal pollution as well as the lack of river ecological environment water.In the end,comprehensive management measures of watershed in Beijing were proposed including enhancing the source control of watershed,comprehensively promoting the construction of sponge city in central urban area,continuously increasing the supply of river ecological environment water,exploring effective introduction mechanism of water environment management market,intensifying comprehensive and collaborative management of the watershed water environment and so on.