确定性与有限性——论海德格尔的德国观念论研究

Certainty and Finitude:Heidegger's Research on German Idealism

德国观念论系统与明晰地贯彻了近代哲学通过理性检验与承认世界的计划,海德格尔看到,这是以理性的自我确定性代替了真理,从而使得人与世界都脱离了原初的有限性发生,都与存在本身隔绝开了。海德格尔的德国观念论研究有一个从以康德为参照点到以尼采为参照点的发展过程。他以寻求确定性界定德国观念论的做法既显明了后者的一些根本特征,又表明他本身可能还没有与后者保持足够的距离。

German idealism carries out the project of the modern philosophy,namely verifing and acknowledging the whole world through the human reason,in a systematic and clear way.In Heidegger's eyes this means nothing other than replacing truth with the self-certainty of the reason and will make both human beings and the world seperated from the original and finite process of genesis,and from Being itself.Heidegger's research on german idealism takes different thinkers as the reference point in different periods,namely Kant in the earlier period and Nietzsche in the later stage.His definition of german idealism as inquiring certainty has clearified some fundamental characteristics of the latter,but at the same time it indicates that he has not kept enough distance from the latter.