氮磷钾配施对直播当归物质积累与药材质量的影响

Effect of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Formula Fertilizer on Matter Accumulation and Quality of Angelica sinensis under Direct Seeding

为确定当归种子直播的合理施肥方案,采用三因素三水平组合试验,研究氮、磷、钾3个因素在3种不同施肥量[N(75、150、225 kg/hm^(2))、P_(2)O_(5)(37.5、75.0、112.5 kg/hm^(2))、K_(2)O(37.5、75.0、112.5 kg/hm^(2))]组合配施下当归的根形态、药材产量及质量(阿魏酸、挥发油、醇溶性浸出物和灰分)特征。结果表明,不同氮磷钾量配施对当归根系分支数、植株生物量及药材浸出物、阿魏酸和挥发油含量均有显著影响。其中,N_(1)P_(3)K_(2)处理根鲜质量最大(65.25 g),分支数最多(11.9个);其次为N_(2)P_(3)K_(1),根鲜质量为63.28 g,分支数为10.2个,且其当归浸出物和阿魏酸含量最高,分别为66.31%和0.108%;处理N_(3)P_(2)K_(1)当归挥发油含量最高(1.137%)。综合考虑当归药材产量和质量指标,直播当归最佳氮磷钾配施处理为N_(2)P_(3)K_(1),即N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O施用量分别为150、112.5、37.5 kg/hm^(2)。

In order to determine the reasonable fertilization schedule of Angelica sinensis seeds sowing,the characteristics of root morphology,yield and quality(ferulic acid,volatile oil,alcohol‑soluble extract and ash)of direct seeding Angelica sinensis were studied by three‑factor and three‑level combination experiment under three different fertilizer rates[N(75,150,225 kg/ha),P_(2)O_(5)(37.5,75.0,112.5 kg/ha),K_(2)O(37.5,75.0,112.5 kg/ha)].The results showed that different N,P and K treatments had significant effects on root branch number,plant biomass and contents of extracts,ferulic acid and volatile oil of Angelica sinensis.Among them,N_(1)P_(3)K_(2)treatment had the largest root fresh weight(65.25 g)and the largest number of branches(11.9),followed by N_(2)P_(3)K_(1),of which the root fresh weight and number of branches were 63.28 g and 10.2 respectively,and the contents of alcohol‑soluble extract and ferulic acid respectively were 66.31%and 0.108%.The N_(3)P_(2)K_(1)treatment had the highest volatile oil content(1.137%).By considering the yield and quality indexes of Angelica sinensis,the optimal NPK treatment is N_(2)P_(3)K_(1),that is,the application rates of N,P_(2)O_(5)and K_(2)O respectively are 150,112.5 and 37.5 kg/ha.