产业创新生态系统的形成与演进:“架构者”变迁及其战略行为演变

The Formation and Evolution of Industrial Innovation Ecosystem: "Architect" Transition and the Evolution of Its Strategic Behavior

架构者变迁及其战略行为演变如何促进产业创新生态系统形成和演进?本文以中国轨道交通装备产业为对象,采用纵向案例方法探究这个问题。研究结果表明:在产业创新生态系统演进的不同阶段,"架构者"动态变迁,不同架构者战略行为及其作用机制不同;同一架构者不同时期战略行为和作用机制也不同。新生期,政府作为"架构者",通过行政干预自上而下构建产业创新生态系统雏形。扩展期和提升期,政府角色跨层次分离:向上成为宏观制度构建者,通过不断减弱的行政管理、增强的产业政策和科技资金资助,作为外部力量推动产业创新生态系统演进;向下作为产业创新生态系统参与主体——关键用户,促进产业创新生态系统演进。成熟期核心企业成为产业创新生态系统架构者,自底向上推动产业创新生态系统演进。本研究从中观产业层次拓展了创新生态系统战略和架构演进研究,深化并丰富了大型复杂产品产业中政府角色和作用机制研究;为政府、企业培育产业创新生态系统提供启示。

How does the architect transition and the evolution of strategic behaviors promote the formation and evolution of industrial innovation ecosystem?This paper explore the question by the way of vertical case analysis in the Chinese rail transit equipment industry.Results show that architects change dynamically in different stages of the industrial innovation ecosystem evolution.Different architects have different strategic behaviors and action mechanisms,and it also applies to the same architect at different periods.In the nascent period,the government works as the architect and constructs the embryonic form of the industrial innovation ecosystem from the top to the bottom by administrative intervention.In the expansion and promotion period,the role of the government separates across levels:becoming the macro institution builder upward,which promotes the evolution of the industrial innovation ecosystem as external force through the weakening of administrative management,strengthening of industrial policy,science and technology funding;becoming the main participant of the industrial innovation ecosystem downward as critical users.In the mature period,core enterprises replace government and group,becoming the architect of the industrial innovation ecosystem.They promote the evolution of the industrial innovation ecosystem from the bottom to the top by constructing a cooperative innovation network,industrial innovation alliance,joint R&D,etc.This study expands the research on the evolution mechanism of innovation ecosystem strategy and architecture at the meso-industrial level.It enriches the research on the role and mechanism of government in developing a large-scale complex system product industry.Moreover,it provides enlightenment for the government and enterprises to cultivate a robust industrial innovation ecosystem with critical links of the whole industrial ecological chain.