政治义务的公平原则理论如何可能?--论乔治·克洛斯科的政治义务理论

How Is the Argument for Political Obligation from the Principle of Fairness Possible?--On George Klosko's Theory of Political Obligation

用公平原则来解释和证成公民政治义务的做法源于哈特,并得到罗尔斯的支持,但受到诺齐克的严厉批评;乔治·克洛斯科试图重构公平原则论证,他认为,如果一种合作事业所提供的公共产品值得受益者为之努力,是他们不可或缺的,而且利益与成本的分配又是公平的,那么这种合作事业无须得到受益者同意便可向他们强加义务。如果国家所提供的公共产品满足了这些条件,公民便有义务支持国家提供这些公共产品。由于许多公共产品是不可或缺的公共产品所必需的,因此公民也有义务支持国家提供这些次要的公共产品。鉴于克洛斯科的论证存在的诸多问题,他的修正版公平原则理论也是失败的。

The attempt to explain and justify citizen's political obligation originates from H.L.A.Hart,and is supported by John Rawls and attacked by Robert Nozick.George Klosko tries to recon-struct the argument from the principle of fairness.He holds that if the public goods flow from a scheme of co-operation are worth the recipi-ents’effort in providing them and essential to them,and the distribu-tion of the benefits and costs is fair,the scheme of co-operation can ob-ligate the recipients without their consent.If the public goods provided by state satisfy these requirements,citizen will be bound to support the state's effort in providing these goods.Since many public goods are necessary to the essential public goods,citizen will also be bound to support state to provide these discretionary public goods.However,given the serious difficulties with Klosko's argument,his revisionist theory of fairness fails.