中国筑坝数量世界之最原因分析

Reasons for China owning largest number of water dams in the world

目前,中国建造了2.3万多座大坝(坝高15 m以上),占全球总数的40.6%,筑坝数量居世界之最。在国际反建坝背景下,揭示中国筑坝数量世界之最的原因具有重要意义。本文介绍了水坝发展历程,针对中国国情阐明了筑坝数量世界之最的原因,并展望了中国水坝的未来。结果表明:中国筑坝数量之最的原因既是人口、自然地理、气候、水情等国情所致,也是满足防洪减灾、农业灌溉、城市供水、水力发电等国家重大需求所致;水坝具有巨大的社会、经济和生态环境效益,按照未来国家战略刚需,中国筑坝的数量不是多了,而是不够,还需站在生态文明建设和高质量发展的国家战略高度,进一步建设和完善大坝体系。该成果对科学、合理、公正地认识与评价水坝具有参考价值。

China is the country that has built the largest number of dams in the world,with more than 23000 large dams of over 15 m that accounts for 40.6%of the global total.Against the backdrop of international disapproval of water dams,clarification of why China needs such a huge number of dams matters most.This study reviews the historical development of dam construction,clarifies the reasons for this huge-scale construction in China through examining its national conditions,and looks into the future of Chinese dams.The results show that China owning the largest number of dams is a natural outcome of its population,natural geography,climate,water situation,and other national conditions,and also for the purpose of meeting the major national needs-flood control,disaster reduction,agricultural irrigation,urban water supply,hydropower generation and so on.Water dams have enormous social,economic,and ecological benefits.To satisfy the future needs of the national strategy,the existing number of dams in China is not excessive,but deficient.China needs to further build and improve its dam system from a national strategic prospective of ecological civilization construction and high-quality development.The results cast light on scientific,reasonable,and fair understanding and evaluation of water dams.