丽江木氏世系问题新证——以陈钊镗《木氏宦谱·后序》所见资料为辨析

New Evidence on the Genealogy of the Lijiang Mu Clan:An Analysis of Mu Shi Huan Pu·An Epilogue by Chen Zhaotang

自《有关丽江史地的文献》一文1912年发表后,学界多认为最早提出丽江木氏世系问题的是法国东方学者爱德华·沙畹。但是,清丽江知府陈钊镗为《木氏宦谱》(图谱)作有一序,主要内容为依据杨慎序及《木氏宦谱》(图谱)所记简要叙述木氏世系及事迹,重点讨论杨慎序与《木氏宦谱》(图谱)所记木氏世系存在的矛盾以及此谱为何以“爷爷”为始祖等,实际上在道光年间对木氏世系问题已进行了探究。陈钊镗虽并非最早见到杨慎序之人,但道光二十一年(1841)撰写的这篇序文是最早将杨慎序与《木氏宦谱》(图谱)所记木氏世系作比较并指出二者存在矛盾的一篇历史文献。序中资料可证,陈钊镗对木氏世系问题的研究早于沙畹相关研究近70年,早于约瑟夫·洛克相关研究近90年,也早于国内学者对相关问题的研究。此序资料对纳西族史及滇西北区域史研究都具有重要资料价值。

Since the article titled Literature on Lijiang History and Geography was published in 1912,most scholars have believed that E.Chavannes,the author of this article and a French Orientalist,was the first person who proposed the question concerning the genealogy of the Lijiang Mu clan.However,Chen Zhaotang,the magistrate of Lijiang during the Qing dynasty had written an epilogue for Mu Shi Huan Pu(Official Chronicles of the Mu Clan)(with picture illustrations).The main content of the epilogue was a brief description of the genealogy and achievements of the Mu clan based on the preface written by Yang Shen and the records in Mu Shi Huan Pu,focusing on a discussion on the contradictions between the contents in Yang’s preface and the records in Mu Shi Huan Pu and also on the question of why this genealogy took“grandpa”as the first generation of the Mu clan.So,the genealogy of the Mu clan actually had already been explored during the Daoguang period of the Qing dynasty.Although Chen Zhaotang was not the first person who saw the Preface of Mu Shi Huan Pu by Yang Shen,this epilogue written in 1841 was the first historical document to compare the content of the preface by Yang Shen with the genealogy of the Mu clan recorded in Mu Shi Huan Pu and pointed out the contradictions between the two.The data in the epilogue can prove that Chen Zhaotang’s research on the genealogy of the Mu clan was almost 70 years earlier than that of E.Chavannes,90 years earlier than that of J.F.Rock,and also earlier than related studies of domestic scholars.Therefore,the materials contained in this epilogue are of great value to the study of the Naxi history and also the regional history of northwest Yunnan.