空气污染对于自然流产影响的研究进展

Research progress on impact of air pollution on spontaneous abortion

随着全球环境污染问题形势日益严峻,城市建设的快节奏以及工业化的飞速发展,使环境因素成为影响人类生殖健康的不可忽视的因素。其中空气污染是现在环境污染的焦点。自然流产为临床最常见的妊娠并发症之一,其不仅容易影响女性的心理健康与生活质量,并且可能导致女性后继发生生育障碍。目前研究发现空气污染与流产紧密相关。我们对空气污染(包括室外空气和室内空气)对自然流产的影响及机制进行综述,结果表明,室外空气污染物中的细颗粒物(PM2.5)、SO2、CO、O3与孕妇的自然流产密切相关,其中最为明显的为PM2.5;室内空气污染物中的甲醛、烹调烟雾、二手烟的暴露会明显增加孕妇自然流产的风险。对于孕妇来说,室内空气污染危害要远高于室外空气污染,因此孕妇应避免室内空气污染,如避免甲醛接触,减少油烟吸入,防止吸烟及被动吸烟等,从而降低流产发生的风险。

With the increasingly severe situation of global environmental pollution,the rapid pace of urban construction and rapid development of industrialization,environmental factors have become an important factor affecting human reproductive health. Air pollution is the focus of environmental pollution now. Spontaneous abortion is one of the most common pregnancy complications in clinic,which not only affects women’s mental health and quality of life,but also may lead to subsequent reproductive disorders. At present,studies have found that air pollution is closely related to spontaneous abortion. We review the the effects of air pollution(including outdoor air and indoor air) on spontaneous abortion and its mechanism. The results indicates that respirable particles(PM2.5),SO2,CO,and O3 in outdoor air pollutants are closely related to the spontaneous abortion in pregnant women,the most obvious of which is PM2.5,while the exposure of formaldehyde,cooking smoke and second-hand smoke in indoor air pollutants will significantly increase the risk of spontaneous abortion of pregnant women. For pregnant women,indoor air pollution is far more harmful than outdoor air pollution,so pregnant women should avoid indoor air pollution,such as avoiding formaldehyde exposure,reducing smoke inhalation,preventing smoking and passive smoking,so as to reducing the risk of spontaneous abortion.