近代暹罗的疫病想象与国家卫生防疫机制的演进

A Research on Imagination of Epidemics in Modern Siam and the Evolution of National Health and Epidemic Prevention System

19世纪20年代以来的近百年间,霍乱、鼠疫和钩虫病等的疫病流行对暹罗卫生防疫机制的形成产生了重要影响。在西方医学的持续干预下,暹罗国内对疫病的知识与想象不断更新,催生了基于西方医学理论的防疫政策与职能部门。同时,暹罗统治精英将佛教“功德”等理念与资源应用于新的公共卫生需求。面对疫病流行对国家治理的压迫,暹罗统治精英将自身塑造成为西方医学知识与实践的赞助者与引领者,并基于佛教传统价值将其视为一种新的“善业”而大力支持,使近代暹罗的卫生防疫机制建设呈现出西方医学知识与佛教伦理价值相调适的特征,成为其现代化进程中形塑“泰国性”的一个典型。

Since the 1820 s,the new epidemics such as cholera,plague,and hookworm in nearly 100 years had a large impact on the formation of health and epidemic prevention systems in Siam.Siam constantly updated its knowledge and imagination of epidemic diseases and established corresponding prevention policies and functional departments under the continuous intervention of Western Medicine.In the meantime,the Siamese ruling elites applied Buddhist ideas such as "merit" and its resources to the new public health needs.Facing the pressure of epidemic on national governance,and based on the imagination of epidemic mixed with Western medical knowledge and Buddhist ethical value,the ideas and practices of health and epidemic prevention in modem Siam reflected the typical characters of "Thainess" in the process of Modernization.