注解的“标注”——《史记》历代注本文字标注及相关问题

“Annotations”of Notes:Annotations and Related Issues of Annotated Versions of Shiji in the Past Dynasties

标注,一直就是汉语史语料库加工面对的关键问题。历代汉语史文本,贮存了极为繁杂的注解类型,这与中国经典学术传统及其形态相关。不同时代注解类型,既属于丰富的汉语史料有机部分,也构成了现实当中汉语史语料库类型学调查分析的基本课题。不同类型的历史注解,其基本内容的格式化标记,也就是所谓“标注”。历代“注解”过程中所标注的内容以及所使用的术语,遵循着大体相当的“以今律古”约定形式。这部分注解的标注形式,也就构成了当今汉语文字史语料库结构标注加工处理、标准统一的重要范畴。《史记》作为汉语史语料典范样本,历代传本附丽的注解积淀了各个时期重要学者的认知理解。通过相关文字使用年代、中介联系以及汉语史语音分化等排比揭示,可以恢复其内在联系,架构业已潜隐的线索,作出真正符合时代属性的结构标注揭示。这类年代学意义标注加工,即使对于判断一种文本传承的大致年代,也具有一定参考价值。

Annotations have always been a key issue in processing a Chinese historical corpus.There are various and complicated types of annotations shown in Chinese texts in the past dynasties,which has to do with the classical Chinese academic tradition and its forms.The annotation types of different times are an organic part of the rich materials of Chinese language history,as well as a basic subject to be examined and analyzed in the typology of a Chinese language historical corpus.The formalized marks of the basic content of different types of notes are called“annotations”.The contents of the annotations and the terms used for“annotation”in the past dynasties shared a roughly agreed form of“regulating the past by the present”.The form of these annotations constitutes an important category with a unified standard when processing annotations in a corpus of Chinese character history today.Shiji(The Historical Records)is a model sample of a Chinese language historical corpus,and the notes in its various versions in the past dynasties show the interpretation and understanding of important scholars in different periods.By examining and comparing the age of the usage of some certain characters and terms and the intermediary relations among them as well as the phonetic differentiation in Chinese language history,we can restore their internal relations,reveal the latent clues,and identify the annotations that truly match the attributes of the corresponding era.This kind of annotation processing is of chronological significance and has the reference value for judging the approximate age of an inherited text.