贵州鬃岭煤矿区水环境污染特征及成因分析

Characteristics and Cause Analysis of Water Pollution in Zongling Coal Mining Area,Guizhou

贵州省是我国南方煤炭资源的主要生产区,煤矿开采引起的环境污染问题十分严重。其中,贵州鬃岭煤矿区水环境已遭受严重的污染,威胁了周边生态环境。以贵州鬃岭煤矿区小流域为研究区,调查分析了流域水环境污染特征,结合相关性分析和主成分分析对水污染来源进行探讨,并采用单指标评价和综合评价相结合的方法对研究区沉积物污染进行综合评价。结果表明:研究区河流水体主要污染指标为TP、NH3-N、CODCr,在流域内无矿井的河道以Ⅰ类或Ⅱ类水为主,矿井集中河段为Ⅵ类水;研究区河流沉积物中Fe和Mn含量严重超标,水环境污染来源于农村面源污染、矿坑水和煤矸石堆场。该研究结果对煤矿区环境污染防治以及区域可持续发展具有重要的意义。

Guizhou province is the main production area of coal resources in southern China,where the environmental pollution caused by coal mining is very serious,among which the water environment in Guizhou Zongling coal mining area has been seriously polluted,threatening the surrounding ecological environment.Taking Zongling coal mining area as the research area,this paper conducts a detailed field survey to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and pollution causes combining with correlation analysis and principal component analysis.Moreover,it also adopts the method of single index evaluation and comprehensive evaluation to the sediments in research area.The results show that TP、NH3-N and CODCr are the main pollution indexes of the rivers in the study area.The water quality of the watershed not affected by mining is of theⅠ-class or II-class,and the corresponding water quality affected by mining is VI-class.The content of iron and manganese in the sediment in rivers of the research area is seriously beyond the standard.The source of water pollution comes from rural non-point source pollution,mine water and coal gangue piles.The result is of great significance to the prevention and control of environmental pollution and regional sustainable development in coal mining areas.