我国水生生物遗传资源保护现状与策略

Status and Strategy of Aquatic Genetic Resource Protection in China

我国水产品总产量连续30年高居世界首位,满足了国民30%的动物蛋白需求。水生生物遗传资源是水产优质蛋白有效供给的重要物质基础,更是未来世界应对食物短缺、保障食物安全的有效途径。水生生物遗传资源与物种多样性和遗传多样性直接相关,活体资源、标本资源、组织资源和基因资源是水生生物遗传资源收集保存和开发利用的主要形式。当前,水生生物种类数量急剧减少、精准鉴定尚未大规模开展、利用效率相对较低、保护设施不够完善等因素成为制约水生生物遗传资源高效开发的瓶颈。该文系统总结了我国水生生物遗传资源基本状况,分析了面临的主要问题,凝练了遗传资源保护的基本思路和总体目标,提出了加强水生生物遗传资源保护的发展战略和研究工作,以期为我国水生生物遗传资源强国建设提供借鉴和参考。

The total output of aquatic product in China has been ranked in the first position of the world for consecutive 30 years,meeting 30%of the nation demand for animal protein.Aquatic genetic resources are not only an important material basis for the effective supply of high-quality aquatic protein,but also an effective way to ensure national food security and ecological security.The aquatic genetic resources are directly related with species and genetic diversity,and their main forms are the living,specimen,tissue,cell and gene resources.At present,the serious decline of biodiversity,the lack of large-scale accurate identification of species,and the imperfect protection facilities of germplasm resources have become the bottlenecks restricting the efficient development of aquatic genetic resources.Here,the general overview of aquatic genetic resources in China is systematically summarized,the main existing problems are analyzed,and the general ideas and overall objectives of genetic resources are condensed.On the above basis,the developmental strategies and research topics are proposed for strengthening the protection of aquatic genetic resources,thus,to lay a solid foundation for realizing the goal of strengthening the country with rich aquatic germplasm resources.