脆肉型葡萄新品种脆光的选育

Breeding report of a new crisp-fleshed table grape cultivar Cuiguang

脆光是以巨峰作母本、早黑宝作父本,人工杂交选培育出的脆肉型葡萄新品种。果穗圆锥形,平均单穗质量672.3 g,最大穗质量1630 g。果粒椭圆形,紫黑色,平均单粒质量10.9 g,最大粒质量14.4 g;每果粒含种子1~3粒,多为2粒,百粒质量10.6 g,种子与果肉易分离;果粉中等厚,果皮中等厚;果肉脆,果实硬度1.46 kg·cm^(-2);果汁中等多,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)超过19.0%;可滴定酸含量为0.52%;品质上等。从萌芽至果实完全成熟需135 d左右,昌黎地区果实成熟期在8月下旬,为中熟品种。脆光生长势较强,枝条易成熟,进入结果期早,定植第2年开始结果,3年生每666.7 m^(2)产量为1450.0 kg。对霜霉病、白腐病、炭疽病的抗性与巨峰近似。在华北、华东、东北及西北地区均可推广种植,适宜露地及保护地栽培。

Cuiguang is a new table grape variety with excellent appearance and quality.The female parent of Cuiguang is Kyoho,and its male parent is Zaoheibao.Through artificial hybridization pollination,more than 3000 hybrid seeds were got in 2003.The seedlings were planted in vineyard in 2004.One hybrid was initially selected in 2009 for its crisp-hard flesh and medium ripening.It’s about 10 days earlier ripening than Kyoho.After four years of observation and five years regional adaptability testing at three sites(including Changli county,Luannan county,Huailai county,Henan province).Cuiguang was awarded by the Committee of Hebei Cultivar Registration in 2019.Cuiguang belongs to Euro-American hybrids,the vigor of plant is strong.The shoot tip is half open with medium-density hair,the shoot is half upright,and the intensity and distribution of anthocyanin coloration is heavy.The color of dorsal and ventral side of internodes is green with red stripes.The under surface of the young leaf is spinach green color while the upper surface is pea green color.Density of erect hairs and prostrate hairs between veins at lower surface is sparse.The shape of the mature leaves is pentagonal with undulate sides,medium thickness while the blade margin is pronounced in undulation.It is open and V shaped in petiole sinus.The teeth of the mature leaves are short with convex sides.Tooth at petiole sinus is absent and limited by veins.Upper lateral sinus is closed and medium-deep,lower lateral sinus is open and shallow.The upper surface is green with rugose texture and glossy appearance.Anthocyanin coloration of main veins on lower leaf surface is extremely weak.The average length of leaves is 14.3 cm,and the width is 18.5 cm,the average length of petiole is 10.6 cm.The clusters are typically large in size,conical in shape and medium in compactness.The berry is elliptic shaped,26.5 mm in long and 23.8 mm in diameter,and average berry mass of 10.9 g.The berries are usually purplish red with uniform in shape and medium-thickness skin.The flesh is juicy and crisp,and the average soluble solid content is more than 19.0%.Each berry contains 1 to 3 seeds.The germination period is in mid-April,the flowering period is in late May,and the maturity period is in mid-August.The rate of fruiting shoot is 53.3%on average and the yield is about 23.4 tones per hm^(2).Vertical trellis system and fan shaped pruning were recommended in the northern area.The vine has medium to strong resistance to white rot and downy mildew.A spray program suitable for disease control with most Euro-American hybrids cultivars should be applied.This grape variety is suitable for short branch pruning.Balanced application of both organic and chemical fertilizers based on the plant every germination and development period.