DNA辐射损伤检测技术的研究进展

Research progress in DNA radiation damage detection technologies

DNA是一种含有遗传信息的重要生物分子。现代铀矿开采、放射医疗以及核电站等行业环境中存在电离辐射,人体防护不当会引起多种类型的DNA损伤,导致基因组拼接不稳定,引发与癌症和衰老等相关的多种生物学疾病。DNA辐射损伤检测技术的发展有助于研究人员对生物辐射损伤的程度进行评估,对核辐射患者进行疾病诊断和治疗。综述了国内外DNA辐射损伤检测方法的研究进展,阐述了相关检测方法的原理、功能及优缺点,并对其研究的未来发展方向提出了建议。

DNA is an important biological molecule that contains genetic information.Ionizing radiation generally exists in the environment of modern uranium mining,radiological medicine and nuclear power plants.Improper protection of the human body against ionizing radiation may cause various types of DNA damage,make genome splicing unstable,and cause various biological diseases related to cancer and aging.The development of DNA radiation damage detection technology is helpful for researchers to assess the extent of biological radiation damage and to diagnose and treat patients with nuclear radiation.In this paper,the domestic and abroad research progress in DNA radiation damage detection methods was reviewed,in which the principles,functions,advantages and disadvantages of relevant detection methods were described,and the future development direction of DNA radiation damage detection methods was prospected.