性激素对女性大脑结构可塑性影响的研究进展

Effects of sex hormones on brain structure during female reproductive transition

回顾性分析女性在青春期、月经周期、孕期、产后以及绝经期等生殖过渡期性激素水平的变化对大脑结构的影响。研究结果显示,不同生殖周期性激素的水平波动可造成神经可塑性的变化,对大脑产生宏观和微观的影响,使大脑发生正常或病理性改变,并且脑容量变化与性激素水平存在显著相关性。这些结果表明,性激素在女性不同的生殖过渡期对大脑结构的可塑性起着重要作用,且性激素水平周期性和渐进式的变化对女性整个生命周期中的情绪、认知功能以及精神神经疾病的影响也是至关重要的。因此,充分理解性激素相关的大脑结构可塑性和病理学的变化有助于理解性激素对大脑结构影响的神经机制,为今后女性在不同激素转变时期疾病的预防和治疗提供有效理论依据。

In this review paper,the influence of the changes of sex hormone levels in the reproductive transition period such as puberty,menstrual cycle,pregnancy,postpartum and menopause on the brain structure was retrospectively analyzed.The results showed that the fluctuation of sex hormone level in different reproductive cycles caused the change of neuroplasticity,which have a macroscopic and microscopic impact on the brain,causing normal or pathological changes in the brain,and there was a significant correlation between the changes of brain volume and sex hormone levels.These results indicated that sex hormones played an important role in the plasticity of brain structure at different stages of female reproductive transition,and the periodic and progressive changes in sex hormone levels were also critical to the influence of mood,cognitive function and psychoneurosis throughout the female life cycle.Therefore,a full understanding of the changes of brain structural plasticity and pathology related to sex hormones is helpful to understand the neural mechanism of the influence of sex hormones on brain structure,and provide effective theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of diseases in different hormonal transition periods for women in the future.