硫氧还蛋白系统研究进展

Research progress of thioredoxin system

硫氧还蛋白(Trx)系统由Trx、硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TR)和还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸组成。Trx是一种重要的抗氧化分子,可抵抗多种应激引起的细胞死亡,在氧化还原反应中发挥着突出作用。TR是含硒(硒代半胱氨酸)的蛋白质,主要有3种形式:TR1(主要分布在胞质)、TR2(主要分布在线粒体)和TR3(主要分布在睾丸)。TR能调节细胞生长和凋亡,细胞癌变后,TR表达增加,促进细胞生长和转移。Trx系统与神经退行性疾病、寄生虫感染、获得性免疫缺陷综合征、类风湿性关节炎、高血压病、心肌炎等密切相关。Trx系统能清除体内活性氧,使细胞内外处于平衡状态,且其与硫氧还蛋白相互作用蛋白(TXNIP)相互作用,对于糖代谢调节和肿瘤治疗具有重要作用。Trx系统是许多疾病进行药物治疗的一个重要靶点。

The thioredoxin system is composed of thioredoxin(Trx),thioredoxin reductase(TR)and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.Trx is an important antioxidant molecule that can resist cell death caused by various stresses and plays a prominent role in redox reactions.TR is a protein containing selenium(selenocysteine),mainly in three forms,i.e.TR1,TR2 and TR3.TR1 mainly distributed in the cytoplasm,TR2 mainly distributed in the mitochondria,and TR3 mainly distributed in the testes.TR can regulate cell growth and apoptosis.After the cell becomes cancerous,the expression of TR increases to promote cell growth and metastasis.Trx system is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases,parasitic infections,acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,rheumatoid arthritis,hypertension,myocarditis and so on.The Trx system can remove the reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the body,keep the inside and outside of the cell in a balanced state,and it interacts with the thioredoxin interacting protein(TXNIP),which plays an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism and tumor treatment.The Trx system is an important target for drug treatment of many diseases.In this paper,the research progress of the thioredoxin system was reviewed.