通识与专业之辨:包豪斯预备课程在美国建筑教育的传播

Speculations on General Education and Professional Development: The Reception of the Bauhaus Preliminary Course in American Architectural Education

本文对包豪斯预备课程在美国建筑院校的教学史料进行梳理,以移植与转化两部分进行传播历程的概括。移植部分聚焦于阿尔伯斯和莫霍利-纳吉两位第一代包豪斯教师在艺术类设计基础教学的探索,通过教学档案和文献研究剖析了基于材料的包豪斯练习和抽象形式理论对建筑设计基础教学的影响;转化部分通过三种不同的教学主张来呈现以"基本设计"为代表的包豪斯教学法在美国建筑教育的传播谱系。本文揭示了包豪斯艺术与建筑学科交叉内在的潜力与矛盾,并以通识与专业教育的历史思辨为包豪斯教学遗产的研究提供了新视角。

This article summarizes the teaching history of the Bauhaus preliminary course in American architecture schools and articulates its pedagogical transplantation and transformation. The first part reviews the teaching experiments of the first-generation Bauhaus teachers, Josef Albers and MoholyNagy, in their introductory courses of art and design. It examines the rise of material exercises and abstract formal principles in architecture foundation course through teaching archive and literature. The second part concludes the transformation of Basic Design in American architectural education as three typical models. The historical narration of the Bauhaus preliminary course reveals its inherent potential and contradiction in the cross-disciplinary discourse of art and architecture. It provides a new perspective for the study of the Bauhaus and its pedagogical legacy from the speculation of general education and professional cultivation.