清代四川巡检司时空分布补正——以方志和档案为中心

Amendments on and Corrections to the Time-Space Distributions of Qing Dynasty Sichuan Patrol and Inspection Agencies:Clues from Local Records and Archives

清代四川巡检司的设置以雍正八年(1730)、乾隆元年(1736)为两个重要节点。清军入川以后到雍正七年,巡检司以大量裁撤为主。在吴宏郡的研究的基础上,修正根本性的错误,统一体例,清初四川巡检司的裁撤时间进一步精确。从雍正八年开始到乾隆元年,巡检司以大量添设为主,乾隆二年以后趋于稳定。在胡恒的研究的基础上,补充方志、档案等资料,雍正以后四川巡检司的时空分布全部精确到年。同时结合官缺制度和巡检职权的变化进行简要分析,进一步认识和理解清代四川巡检司的置废原因和时空分布规律。

The establishment of Qing Dynasty Sichuan Patrol and Inspection Agencies has two important time nodes,i. e. the eighth year of the Yongzheng period( 1730),and the first year of the Qianlong period( 1736). The majority of patrol and inspection agencies were dissolved after the Qing army entered Sichuan and before the seventh year( 1729) of the Yongzheng period. Based on Wu Hongjun ’s research,this article corrects some fundamental mistakes and further clarifies the exact time of the dissolution of Sichuan Patrol and Inspection Agencies in the early years of Qing Dynasty. From the eighth year of the Yongzheng period to the first year of the Qianlong period,the number of patrol and inspection agencies largely increased and stabilized after the second year of the Qianlong period. On the basis of Hu Heng’s research,this article supplements materials from local records and archives,exactly specifying the spatial-temporal distribution of Qing dynasty Sichuan patrol and inspection agencies established after the Yongzheng period. Meanwhile,the article concisely analyzes the changes in the official system and the duties of patrol and inspection officers,with a view to clarifying the causes to the dissolution and establishment of the Sichuan agencies as well as the patterns of their spatial-temporal distribution.