国际视域下职业教育微证书应用实施的价值考量和实践路径

Research on the Application of Vocational Education Micro-credentials from the Perspective of International Comparison

微证书是对非正规学习成果的认证,是正式资历证书的附加、替代、补充或组成部分,学分微证书可以被学习者用于职业教育正式资历的入学或学分。微证书认证学习者的非正规学习成果,成为非正规学习和正规教育的纽带,促进职业教育文化的变革。目前一些国家职业教育微证书存在着项目混乱、质量不高和政策缺失等问题。构建微证书项目体系的关键路径在于提供与工作密切相关的、并能带来工作机会的微证书,确定与所需时间和实现的效益相称的微证书价格,提供学习者在线异步学习的条件;构建微证书质量保障体系的关键路径在于考虑微证书可能需要的标准,精确地认证学习者的先前学习,使用可靠的认证技术;构建微证书政策保障体系的关键路径在于创建国家学分框架,实施终身学习账户,完善学习者先前学习认证政策。

Micro-credentialsare the certification of informal learning achievements,and it is the addition,substitution,supplement or component of formal qualification certification.Credit micro-credentials can be used by learners for enrollment or credit of formal qualification in vocational education.Micro-credentials certify learners’informal learning achievements,become the link between informal learning and formal education,and promote the change of vocational education culture.At present,there are some problems in the vocational education micro-credentials in some countries,such as project confusion,low quality and lack of policy.Quality assurance system and policy assurance system.The key path to build the project system of micro-credentials is to provide the micro-credentials which are closely related to work and can bring job opportunities,determine the price of microcredentials which is commensurate with the time required and the benefits achieved,and provide the conditions for learners to learn online asynchronously.The key path to build the quality assurance system of micro-credentials is toconsider the standards that may be required by micro-credentials,accurately certificate learners’previous learning,and use reliable certification technology.The key path to build the micro-credentials policysystem is to create a national credit framework,implement lifelong learning accounts,and improve the previous learning certification policy.